Course 108 Unit 2-Chemistry of Acid-Base Physiology

Question 1

What is one of the most important factors in the cellular environment?

Answer 1

Hydrogen ions

Question 2

What do hydrogen ions affect?

Answer 2

All physical and biochemical cellular phenomena

Question 3

What does an increase in hydrogen ions do?

Answer 3

Increases acidic value of solution

Question 4

What does a decrease in hydrogen ions do?

Answer 4

Decreases acidic value of solution

Question 5

Where is free hydrogen ions found and where are they measured?

Answer 5

Extracellular fluid

Question 6

What is the definition of pH?

Answer 6

• Power of hydrogen or potential hydrogen
• Logarithmic value of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration
• Normal is 4 x 10^-8 moles per liter (.00000004)

Question 7

What is the calculation/expression for normal pH?

Answer 7

• pH= -Log (4 x 10^-8) or (.00000004)
• pH= -(-7.3979)
• pH= 7.40 (normal)

Question 8

What are some descriptions of pH?

Answer 8

• Inversely proportional to hydrogen ion concentration
• Negative Log of the concentration of hydrogen ion concentration
• Log of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration

Question 9

What components affect pH?

Answer 9

Acid= respiratory component (PCO2) and Base= metabolic component (HCO3-)

Question 10

What affect does PCO2 have on the pH?

Answer 10

Inverse affect:

• increase in PCO2 causes a decrease in pH
• decrease in PCO2 causes an increase in pH
• increased PCO2 increases acid value(hydrogen ion concentration) of a solution

Question 11

What affect does HCO3- have on pH?

Answer 11

Direct affect:

• increase in HCO3- causes an increase in pH
• decrease in HCO3- causes a decrease in pH
• increased HCO3- increases alkaline value of a solution (decreases hydrogen ion concentration)

Question 12

What is the acid-base Mnemonic?

Answer 12

ROME

• Respiratory: pH decreases, PCO2 increases means acidosis
• Opposite: pH increases, PCO2 decreases means alkalosis
• Metabolic: pH decreases, HCO3- decreases means acidosis
• Equal: pH increases, HCO3- increases means alkalosis

Question 13

Respiratory (CO2) and Metabolic (HCO3-) components affect pH?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What do acids do?

Answer 14

Donate hydrogen ions (protons)

Question 15

What do bases do?

Answer 15

Accept hydrogen ions (protons)

Question 16

What is the definition of metabolism?

Answer 16

Aggregate of all chemical processes resulting in:

• growth
• energy production
• elimination of waste
• other bodily functions as they relate to the distribution of nutrients in the blood after digestion

Question 17

What are the 2 phases of metabolism?

Answer 17

• Catabolism: destructive phase; larger molecules are broken down or converted into smaller molecules (decomposition)
• Anabolism: constructive phase; smaller molecules are built up or converted into larger molecules (synthesis)