Lecture 3: risks Urbancitiy, SES, Ethnicity and Trauma

Question 1

What did Varese et al (2012) do?

Answer 1

a meta-analysis of:
18 case-control studies = 2.72 more likely to have been exposed to childhood adversity
10 prospective and quasi-prospective studies = 2.99
8 population-based cross-sectional studies = 2.75

population attributable risk = 33%

Question 2

Kirkbridge et al (2006)

Epidemiological study of ___
Recruited all individuals aged 16-65 who presented to psychiatric service with ___

Incidence rates = London —.-
Nottingham -.-
Bristol -.-

Also found what about men
And _ variation in SE London

Answer 2

Fep 
Fep
20.1 
7.7
7.2 

Sch greater in men
9x variation in SE London

Question 3

Why did Kirkbridge et al 2006 find their findings?

Answer 3

Urban environment more stressful more poverty

Question 4

Faris & Durham (1939)
Proposed what?

How did pederson and mortensen (2001) support this?

Answer 4

I’ll people drift towards city

Survey 2mill Danish
Found dose dependent relationship n how long in inner city and psychosis rates

Question 5

However can Os et al (2000) in NEMESIS study found….

Answer 5

Same association in subclinical population refuting the concept of a drift
> 25000 people (urban) there i 2.74% of DSM psychosis

Question 6

John’s et al (2004) support factor

Answer 6

Living in city correlated with PSQ in general population

Question 7

But urbanicity is highly confounded with

Answer 7

SES

ETHNICTY

Question 8

Wicks et al (2010)

Increased risk for psychosis found in adoptees in disadvantaged position

Answer 8

Adoptees
Parental unemployment = 2
Single parent household = 1.2
Living in apartment = 1.3

Genetic liability alone =4.7

Amoung disadvantaged SES and GL
HZ=15 for unemployed
HZ=10.3 sph
HZ=5.7 Apartment living

Question 9

ETHNICITY
Fearon et al (2006)

addtional factors may be operating in AC (5)
adjustment for these factors modestly ______ risk

Answer 9

incidence of SCh

9. 1 in AC
10. 8 African

additional risk factors may be operating in african carribeans (unempolyment, lone parent status, lower social class, lower percieved soical support, poverty)

lowers

Question 10

Veling et al (2007)

Zolkowska et al (2001)

Answer 10

suinamese and morocan in holland
east addicans in sweeden

Those in white neighbourhoods are particualy afftected dependet on percieved discrimination

Question 11

Norman (2012)

Answer 11

LT health consequences of chidlnd phsycial abse emotional abuse and neglect

causal realtionship between non-sex chidl malteremnt and range of MHDs, drug use, sucide attempts STIs and risky sex behaviour