PBL Topics

Question 1

External ear infection: Otitis externa

Answer 1

Infection of the external auditory meatus (up to the tympanic membrane)

Question 2

Middle ear infection: Otitis media

Answer 2

Infection of the middle ear may occur following blockage of the Eustachian tube, leading to the accumulation of fluid within the middle ear. This may become suppurative (pus forming).
Chronic infection may lead to damage of the auditory ossicles.

Question 3

Respiratory failure: Types I and II

Answer 3

Type I: Hypoxia

Type II: Hypoxia and hypercapnia

Question 4

The cell cycle

Answer 4

G1, S, G2 and M phases
G1 = Largest portion of the cycle. Synthesis of protein and mRNA. Check point occurs at the end of G1
S phase = The cell replicates its DNA
G2 = The cell continues to grow, in preparation for mitosis
M phase = The cell undergoes mitosis (divides into 2 daughter cells) PMATC phases
* G1, S and G2 phases form interphase

Question 5

Metastatic spread of cancer

Answer 5

Cancer may spread via lymphatics or blood to distal sites.

Question 6

Cachexia

Answer 6

Combines muscle wasting, weakness, lipolysis, anorexia, weight loss and chronic nausea