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Physics Paper 2 > Space > Flashcards

Space Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Doppler affect?

A

An apparatus change in frequency due to the relative change in movement between observer and source

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2
Q

What is cosmological redshift?

A

When the space expands

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3
Q

What is cosmic background radiation?

A

Evidence for the big bang

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4
Q

What is Hubble’s law?

A

Ressional velocity in proportional to the distance

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5
Q

What is dark matter?

A

A mass in the universe that some explains anomalies , as of yet it’s nature is unknown

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6
Q

What is dark energy?

A

The source of energy that provides the force for the expansion of the universe

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7
Q

What is Hubble’s formula?

A

V=Hxd

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8
Q

What is the flat fate of the universe?

A

There’s a equalibrium of gravity and expansion

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9
Q

What is the open fate of the universe?

A

Expansion exceeds gravity causing all mass to speed and temperatures to plummit

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10
Q

What is the closed fate of the universe?

A

Where gravity will drag everything together to consume in a fiery crunch. This could cause another “big bang”

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11
Q

What is the life cycle of a star?

A
  1. Cloud of gas collapses under its own gravity
  2. large GPE to Large KE means formation of a protostar
  3. Fusion occurs in hydrogen
  4. Hydrogen depletes and collapses to helium, core then cools and expands
  5. Expands into red giants
  6. Depletion of helium causes cooling and expanding into photosphere
  7. Outer layers blown off forming planetary nebula
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12
Q

What is a black body radiator?

A

This is a material that emits and radiates at the same rate making it the perfect emitter and absorber

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13
Q

What is Weins laws equation?

A

Lambda max X temperature=2.8978x10^3

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14
Q

What is the Stefan Boltzmann law?

A

The luminosity of a star is proportional to its surface are and the temperature^4

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15
Q

What is the Stefan Boltzmann formula?

A

L=K4πr^2T^4

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16
Q

How do you measure trigonometric parallax?

A

Tan(Theta)=1A.U/d

17
Q

When is trigonometric parallax used?

A

It is used for nearby stars with a sizeable angle

18
Q

What are the limitations of trigonometric parallax?

A

The angle is limited to measuring angles at 10^13m as theta becomes too small

19
Q

What is standard candles?

A

Stellar objects of known luminosity

20
Q

What is standard candles used for?

A

Used to measure the distance of stars

21
Q

What is the equation used in standard candles?

A

F=L/4πd^2

22
Q

What are the limitations of standard candles?

A

If the light radiation’s passes through a medium, this alters the luminosity and hence the distance

Physics Paper 2 (7 decks)

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