Biology Chapter 14 Flashcards
What are the two types of sex chromosomes? Which one does every human being have?
X and Y; X
How is a karyotype made?
Biologists photograph cells during mitosis when the chromosomes are easy to see. They then cut out the pictures of chromosomes and group them in pairs.
What are all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes called?
Autosomes
What does a pedigree show?
The relationships within a family
True or false: A shaded figure on a pedigree indicates that the family member does not have the given trait.
False
On a karyotype, what shape represents a male? a female?
Male- square
Female- circle
Why is it difficult to study the genetics of humans?
The human genome consists of tens of thousands of genes
What are sex-linked genes?
Genes on the X and Y chromosomes
What is a Barr body?
A dense region in the nucleus generally not found in males
What occurs during nondisjunction?
Homologous chromosomes fail to separate
What is the condition in which an organism as three copies of a chromosome called?
Trisomy
Why might prospective parents decide to have genetic testing?
To see if they carry alleles for a genetic disorder
What is DNA fingerprinting?
A process that analyzes DNA with little or no functions but lots of variance
True or false: Genes should not be used during the process of DNA fingerprinting.
True
What is the Human Genome Project?
An ongoing effort to analyze the human DNA sequence
