6 - Organic chemistry

Question 1

what is organic chemistry?

Answer 1

the branch of chemistry concerned with the compounds of carbon

Question 2

What elements do hydrocarbons contain?

Answer 2

hydrogen and carbon

Question 3

Name for 1 carbon?

Answer 3

meth

Question 4

name for 2 carbons?

Answer 4

eth

Question 5

name for 3 carbons?

Answer 5

prop

Question 6

name for 4 carbons?

Answer 6

but

Question 7

name for 5 carbons?

Answer 7

pent

Question 8

name for 6 carbons?

Answer 8

hex

Question 9

name for 7 carbons?

Answer 9

hept

Question 10

name for 8 carbons?

Answer 10

oct

Question 11

name for 9 carbons?

Answer 11

non

Question 12

name for 10 carbons?

Answer 12

dec

Question 13

what is a homologous series?

Answer 13

It’s a series of compounds that have similar properties and the same general formula, eg, Alkanes

Question 14

Alkanes general formula?

Answer 14

CnH2n+2

Question 15

Alkenes general formula?

Answer 15

CnH2n

Question 16

Alkynes general formula?

Answer 16

CnH2n-2

Question 17

Alcohols general formula?

Answer 17

CnH2n=1OH

Question 18

Halogenoalakanes general formula?

Answer 18

CnH2n=1x

Question 19

adlehydes general formula?

Answer 19

RCOH

Question 20

Carboxylic acids general formula?

Answer 20

CnH2n=1COOH

Question 21

Relative atomic mass?

Answer 21

is the weighted mean mass of 1/12 of an element relative to carbon 12

Question 22

Naming organic compounds?

Answer 22

1) identify the longest carbon chain
2) identify the main functional group, this gives you the suffix or the prefix
3) Number the carbon chain
4) Find any side chains, add this to the start of the name and number the carbon it’s attached to
5) for identical side chains use, di, tri and tetra

Question 23

Addition reaction?

Answer 23

a reaction where 2 or more molecules join together to form another molecule

Question 24

Polymerisation?

Answer 24

A reaction where many monomers join together to make a long chain polymer

Question 25

Elimination?

Answer 25

A reaction where atoms or small groups are lost from adjacent carbon atoms

Question 26

Reduction reaction?

Answer 26

A reaction where a species gains electrons

Question 27

substitution?

Answer 27

A reaction where an atom or group is replaced by another

Question 28

Hydrolysis?

Answer 28

A reaction where a molecule is split by adding H+ and OH- (derived from water)

Question 29

Oxidation?

Answer 29

A reaction in which a species loses electrons

Question 30

Mechanisms, what do they show?

Answer 30

the sequence of events that take place to form your new products in an organic reaction

Question 31

what is a neucleophile?

Answer 31

Electron pair acceptors

Question 32

what are Radicals?

Answer 32

these have unpaired electrons, which makes them very reactive!

Question 33

Structural isomers?

Answer 33

they have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulae

Question 34

Chain isomers?

Answer 34

This is when the carbon chains get arranged differently

Most obvious is a straight chain that follows with branched options

Question 35

Position isomers?

Answer 35

These are possible when there are functional groups that can be put in different positions

Question 36

Functional group isomers?

Answer 36

These structural isomers have different functional groups, leading to very different physical and chemical properties

Question 37

Stereo isomers?

Answer 37

these have the same molecular formula and order in which the atoms are bonded but differ in 3D space

Question 38

Rules for more complicated molecules?

Answer 38

Atoms with a larger atomic number, are given high priority

If the atoms directly bonded to a carbon are the same you move to the next one

Question 39

Trans isomers, E isomer?

Answer 39

the same groups are on opposite sides of the double bond

Question 40

Cis isomers, Z isomer?

Answer 40

the same groups are on the same side of the double bond