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Chemistry > OG everything > Flashcards

OG everything Flashcards

1
Q

Polar Protic Solvent + secondary alkyl halid

A

SN1

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2
Q

Polar Aprotic + Secondary Alkyl Halid

A

SN2

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3
Q

What is solvolysis

A

When the solvent acts as the nucleophile, and potentially the base.

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4
Q

What kind of mixture does an SN1 reaction usually give?

A

Racemic, a mixture of R and S IF CHIRAL

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5
Q

Where do nucleophiles usually attack from in an SN1 Reaction?

A

The opposite side to where the leaving group is.

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6
Q

What can increase the rate of an SN1 Reaction?

A

More polarised nucleophile, and solvent.

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7
Q

Which is the slow step of an SN1 reaction?

A

The first step. Rate = k[Substrate]^1

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8
Q

All in one step?

A

SN2

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9
Q

What type of solvent does an SN2 reaction prefer?

A

Polar Aprotic

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10
Q

Where does the nucleophile attack from in SN2 Reactions? What does it say about its stereochemistry?

A

It attacks from the back, but inversion of stereochemistry always occurs.

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11
Q

What order of carbon does SN2 Prefer?

A

Me > Primary > Secondary > Tertiary - It’s to do with steric hinderance.

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12
Q

What order of Carbons does SN1 Prefer

A

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary > Me Stabilization of Carbotcation

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13
Q

How does the strength of a nucleophile change with respect to SN1 reactions In a protic solvent?

A

Down, and towards the left on the periodic table. It increases!

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14
Q

How does the strength of a nucleophile change with respect to SN2 reactions in a Aprotic solvent?

A

Towards the left, but the trend for the halogens reverses.

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15
Q

What is the rate law for an SN2 reaction?

A

Rate = k[Substrate][Nucleophile]

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16
Q

In an E1 reaction, what attacks what, and is it acting as a base or a nucleophile?

A

The BASE attacks the hydrogen after the leaving group has left, and its acting as a base (Proton acceptor)

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17
Q

What order of carbons does E1 prefer?

A

Same for SN1 Tertiary > Secondary > Primary > Me Stabilization of Carbotcation

18
Q

What order does E2 prefer?

A

Its the same for SN1 and E1 Tertiary > Secondary > Primary > Me But its not to do with the carbocation stabilization. No carbocations are formed in E2.

19
Q

What products do bulky bases give? (E2)

A

Hoffman, less substituted.

20
Q

What products to small bases give (E2)

A

Zaytseff, more substituted

21
Q

What stabilizes E2 products?

A

Conjugation, number of R groups around double bond.

22
Q

Whats more stable, cis or trans?

A

Trans

23
Q

Whats more stable Eclipsed or Anti planar confirmation?

A

Anti-planar confirmation, as one there isnt as much steric strain, two, the base doesnt interact with the leaving group as much.

24
Q

How do you resolve a racemic mixture?

A

Resolving a racemix mixture is simple. First you identify an enantiomerically pure substance that will react with you racemic mixture (fully R or fully S) This will then give you two sets of Distereoisomers once reacted, RR, RS. These have different physical properties such as boiling and melting points, therefor experiments can be carried out to extract these substances.

25
Q

Toluene to benzoic acid?

A

KMnO4 + KOH + Heat

26
Q

Formation of a Mesomeric cis-diol?

A

Cis-Alkene + OsO4 + Na2SO4

27
Q

Formation of a mesomeric trans-diol

A

Trans-Alkene + OsO4 + Na2SO4

28
Q

Alkenes + mCPBA + THF ?

A

Diol

29
Q

Ketone to acetonide

A

Ketone + FeCl3 + Diol + H2O

30
Q

Nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric acid Pka?

A

More than or equal to zero

31
Q

Aromatic Oxonium and ordinary oxoniums Pka?

A

Less than or equal to zero

32
Q

HX Pka?

A

Less than or equal to zero

33
Q

Carboxylic and carbonic acid Pka?

A

5

34
Q

Aromatic Ammoiums and pyridium ion Pka?

A

5

35
Q

Aromatic alcohols, Alkyl Ammoniums beta-keto carbonyl, peroxide’s, bicarbonates, hydrocyanic acid, thiols pka?

A

10

36
Q

Water, aliphatic alcohols, amides, cyclopentadiene Pka?

A

15

37
Q

Ketone-alpha-carbons, aldehyde-alpha, thioester-alpha, Pka?

A

20

38
Q

Alkynes, acetonitrile-alpha, Ester-alpha

A

25

39
Q

Aromatic amines, sulfone-alpha, amide-alpha

A

30

40
Q

H2, amines, thioester sulfide carbon

A

35

41
Q

Alkenes, allyis, aromatics

A

45

42
Q

Alkanes

A

50

Chemistry (5 decks)

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