2.3

Question 1

What are the 2 methods to reduce the costs of reworks?

Answer 1

Change avoidance and change tolerance

Question 2

In change avoidance, the software process includes activities that can _______ possible change before significant _____ is required.

Answer 2

anticipate, rework

Question 3

In change ___________, the process is designed so that changes can be implemented with minimal costs

Answer 3

tolerance

Question 4

What are the 2 ways of coping with change and changing system requirements?

Answer 4

System prototyping and incremental delivery

Question 5

System prototyping is where a version of the system is developed quickly to check the customer’s __________ and the _________ of some design decisions

Answer 5

requirements, feasibility

Question 6

With _______ _______, system increments are delivered to the customer for comment and experimentation

Answer 6

incremental delivery

Question 7

What is a prototype?

Answer 7

An initial version of a software system that is used to test concepts, design option, and find out more about the problems and possible solutions

Question 8

In requirements engineering, a prototype can help with the _________ and _________ of system requirements

Answer 8

elicitation, validation

Question 9

In system designing, a prototype can be used to explore software ________ and __ designs

Answer 9

solutions, UI

Question 10

The bottom line is that prototypes allow users to see how ____ the system supports work

Answer 10

well

Question 11

Prototyping is especially important for __ designs due to the dynamic nature of them

Answer 11

UI

Question 12

What are the 4 steps in developing a prototype?

Answer 12

1. Establish prototype objectives
2. Define prototype functionality
3. Develop prototype
4. Evaluate prototype

Question 13

In an ________ ___________ system, customers identify, in outline, the services to be provided by the system from most important to least

Answer 13

incremental delivery

Question 14

An advantage of incremental delivery is that customers that use the earlier increments can provide ________ for later system increments

Answer 14

feedback

Question 15

An advantage of incremental delivery is that customers do not have to wait until the system is _________ before they gain value from it

Answer 15

delivered

Question 16

An advantage of incremental delivery is that it is relatively easy to _________ changes into the system

Answer 16

incorporate

Question 17

An advantage of incremental delivery is that the most ________ services receive the most testing, since it is the highest-priority

Answer 17

important

Question 18

A disadvantage of incremental delivery is that it is hard to identify all the common __________ that are needed by all the increments

Answer 18

facilities

Question 19

A disadvantage of incremental delivery is that it does not replace all features of an old system, so customers are ________ to implement it and gain feedback

Answer 19

reluctant

Question 20

A disadvantage of incremental delivery is that there is no _______ system spec until it the product is finished, which companies dislike

Answer 20

complete

Question 21

What are the 4 sections of the spiral in Boehm’s spiral model?

Answer 21

1. Objective setting
2. Risk assessment and reduction
3. Development and validation
4. Planning

Question 22

In Boehm’s spiral model, objective setting is where objectives for that phase of the project is _______

Answer 22

defined

Question 23

In Boehm’s spiral model, risk assessment and reduction is where project risks are _________ , analyzed, and steps are taken to ______ the risk

Answer 23

identified, reduce

Question 24

In Boehm’s spiral model, __________ ___ _______ is where a development model is chosen

Answer 24

development and validation

Question 25

In Boehm’s spiral model, planning is where the project is…

Answer 25

reviewed and a decision is made on whether to continue with a further loop of the spiral

Question 26

Boehm’s spiral model is different from other software process models in that it …

Answer 26

explicitly recognizes risk

Question 27

A cycle of the spiral begins with outlining objectives such as _________ and ________

Answer 27

performance, functionality