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Holistic Anatomy By Pip Waller > Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Holistic definition of Energy?

A

The “stuff” that drives every event in the universe.

AKA: Oomph, Zest, Life-force, Chi, Agni, Prana

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2
Q

What is the Western Science definition of Energy?

A

The capacity of a system to do work that is measurable by instruments.

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3
Q

Chemistry is…

A

How Energy arranges itself to form matter.

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4
Q

Energy cannot be destroyed. It can only be ______.

A

Moved or changed from one form to another

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5
Q

Our cells are powered by _____.

A

Electricity of the positive and negative charged particles created through the breakdown of glucose

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6
Q

What is the body’s fuel of choice?

A

Glucose

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7
Q

Neutrons have a _____ charge.

A

Neutral

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8
Q

Name the 3 parts of an atom in size order from Smallest to Largest.

A

Electron
Neutron
Proton

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9
Q

What is a “Chemical Bond”?

A

When atoms come together and share their outermost electrons.

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10
Q

What does the “Zero Point Field” refer to?

A

When studying, Physicists slow things down by adjusting the temperature to absolute zero.

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11
Q

Protons have a _____ charge.

A

Positive

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12
Q

Electrons have a _____ charge.

A

Negative

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13
Q

Elements are…

A

The basic building blocks of all molecular compounds.

They cannot be changed - only combine with other elements to form something new.

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14
Q

Define Anabolism

A

The building up of a chemical bond - which uses free energy.

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15
Q

What is a molecule

A

The result of 2 or more atoms coming together in a chemical bond

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16
Q

What are the 2 opposing forces that must remain in balance to create an effective metabolism?

A

Anabolism (building up)
+
Catabolism (breaking down)

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17
Q

Define Catabolism

A

The breaking down of a chemical bond - which releases free energy

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18
Q

Define Cation

A

A positively charged Ion

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19
Q

Define Anion

A

A negatively charged Ion

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20
Q

What % of body weight is water?

A

60%-70%

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21
Q

Electrolytes are formed when …

A

Ionic Bonds (salts) are broken down in water.

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22
Q

An “ionic bond” is created when …

A

1 atom gives an electron to another atom creating 2 ions

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23
Q

What is an Ion?

A

An atom or molecule with a non-zero charge

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24
Q

What is the human body mostly made of? (List top 7)

A 
Water
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorous
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25
Q

What is the holistic definition of “alive”?

A

The living energy of everything. (Plants, animals, rocks,air, mountains, Earth, planets…)

Everything is connected and alive regardless of how the cells are split up

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26
Q

What is the Western Science definition of alive?

A

Carbon based plants and creatures that require food for energy, eliminate waste, use energy to grow, reproduce, and are sensitive to and can move within their environment.

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27
Q

Every organic being is made up of _____.

A

Carbon

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28
Q

Acids are _____ donors, meaning that they _____.

A

H+

Give off hydrogen ions.

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29
Q

What gives amino acids their unique properties?

A

R group

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30
Q

What type of molecule forms most of our body structure?

A

Proteins

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31
Q

What are the main chemical groups of the body?

A

Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, Minerals

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32
Q

What is the main function ofActin and Myosin?

A

Muscle contraction
Cell devision
Movement/transport within cells

33
Q

What is Elastin?

A

Main protein providing elasticity properties to skin, ligaments and connective tissue.

34
Q

What is Keratin?

A

Main protein in skin hair and nails. Provides waterproof properties.

35
Q

What are the2 main functions of Plasma Proteins?

A
  1. Provide osmotic pressure to the blood

2. Create pH balance in the blood

36
Q

What is the Salivary Amylase?

A

An enzyme in saliva of herbivorous animals (including humans) that helps to break down/digest starches

37
Q

How many Amino Acids are there?

A

20

38
Q

Normal pH fluctuates between _____and _____.

A

7.3 and 7.5

39
Q

A neutral or base solution has a pH of _____.

A

7

40
Q

Acidosis is _____ an refers to a pH level that is_____.

A

Too much acid in the body

Less than a pH of 7.3

41
Q

Alkalosis is _____ an refers to a pH level that is_____.

A

Too much alkaline in the body

More than a pH of 7.5

42
Q

What are the 2 appearance based classifications of proteins and how can you tell the difference?

A

Fibrous = stable, does not break down/change

Globular = unstable, breaks down and changes depending on environment (ex: temperature, pH level etc…)

43
Q

What are some examples of Fibrous proteins?

A 
Collagen
Keratin
Elastin
Actin
Myosin
44
Q

What are some examples of Globular Proteins?

A 
Protein enzymes
Salivary amylase
Oxidase enzymes
Plasma proteins
Insulin
Hemoglobin
Lipoproteins
Growth horomones
45
Q

What is Collagen?

A

Main protein found in all connective tissues including bones, cartilage, tendons and ligaments

46
Q

Define Glycolysis

A

Glucose being broken down within cells

47
Q

The brain can only use _____ as energy.

A

Glucose

48
Q

What is Dehydration Synthesis?

A

Joining of 2 molecules by removing 1 water molecule

49
Q

What is the difference between the polysaccharides Starch and Glycogen?

A

Starch - how plants store glucose

Glycogen - how animals store glucose (liver and muscles)

50
Q

What is an “FOS”?

A

A “Fructooligosaccharide” - an indigestible carbohydrate or sugar that passes through out digestive system almost unchanged.

They are used by the good bacteria in the colon for growth/manipulation

51
Q

What are some benefits and examples of Fructooligosaccharides?

A

Help absorb nutrients, detox and boost immune system.

Examples are bananas, garlic, onion and asparagus.

52
Q

What is a Lipoprotein?

A

A solvable protein that transports fat and other lipids in the blood plasma

53
Q

What is Hydrolysis?

A

Splitting 2 molecules by adding 1 molecule of water

54
Q

Name and define the different types of Carbohydrates.

A

Monosaccharides - simple sugar, “building blocks” found in blood and DNA

Disaccharides - double sugar, break down to simple sugars when digested. Examples are Sucrose (cane sugar), Lactose (milk sugar)

Polysaccharides - starches, long chains of simple sugars

55
Q

_____ are sugars or large starches that are easily stored and used for energy in the body.

A

Carbohydrates

56
Q

When not needed immediately, glucose is stored as _____ and where?

A

Glycogen

Int he liver and muscle cells or converted to fat

57
Q

DNA is …

A

Genetic material found in cell nucleus which directs how proteins are made

58
Q

Name 4 things that Cholesterol is used to make

A

Vitamin D
Sex hormones
Cortisol
Bile Salts

59
Q

What is the function of Myelin?

A

To insulate nerve fibers

60
Q

Phospholipids are used to make _____.

A

Cell membranes

61
Q

What are the 2 essential fatty acids that our body can NOT make?

A

Omega 3

Omega 6

62
Q

What is the molecular makeup of Neutral Fat?

A

1 glycerol

3 long chain fatty acids

63
Q

Neutral Fat is found where?

A 
Under the skin (subcutaneous)
Around organs(to insulate and protect)
64
Q

Name 2 vitamins that we do NOT get through food and how they are formed.

A

Vitamin D - in the skin

Vitamin K - bacteria in the bowel

65
Q

What is a “free radical” and how can we get rid of them.

A

Free radicals are by products of oxidation that cause tissue damage associated with cancer formation and aging

We can get rid of them through antioxidants

66
Q

Vitamins and Minerals act as _____ to help complete certain tasks

A

Co-enzymes

67
Q

What is RNA?

A

“The messenger” - copies a part of DNA to carry out protein synthisis

68
Q

What are the 2 parts of the energy “storage - release” cycle when a cell oxidizes with glucose?

A

ATP - storage

ADP - release

69
Q

Glycolysis is

A

The breaking down of sugar to release energy

70
Q

You can tell something is an enzyme because it’s name ends in _____.

A

-are

71
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A protein catalyst that accelerates chemical reactions without being changed themselves.

100-1000 amino acids are strung together and then folded a unique way to speed up chemical reactions.

Responsible for breaking molecules apart and putting then back together.

72
Q

A cell grows and reproduces through many little chemical reactions made possible by _____.

A

Enzymes

73
Q

Metabolic rate is determined by …

A

The rate at which ATP is made by the cells

74
Q

How does microwave pollution from wireless devices effect the molecules in our body?

A

Microwaves change the shape of proteins

Enzymes are proteins responsible for molecule formation

A change in shape of an enzyme can drastically alter our body function

75
Q

What are some examples of Organic Solvents?

A 
Acetone
Ethanol
Methanol
Isopropanol
Benzene
76
Q

Where are Organic Solvents found in the home?

A 
Paint thinners
Degreasers
Nail polish remover
Adhesives
Pharmaceuticals
Personal care products
77
Q

In order to be considered “organic”, a molecule must include _____.

A

Carbon

78
Q

What is a Lipid?

A

Organic fatty acids that are not solvable in water but are solvable in organic solvents

Aka “fat”

Examples: Natural oils, waxes, steroids

79
Q

What is Henoglobin?

A

Red protein that transports oxygen in the blood.

Carries oxygen from lungs to the bodies tissues and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs.

Holistic Anatomy By Pip Waller (15 decks)

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