AS Predicted Paper Flashcards
(42 cards)
Give two examples of encoded data.
Airport codes LHR, LGW, SXF. Country codes GB, FR, DE. Height - tall, medium, small. A-Level grades A, B, C. Hair colour - black, brown, red, blonde. Restaurant review - 5-star to 1-star.
What are two advantages of encoding data?
Data is stored in a consistent form, so validation checks can be applied to ensure data is accurate as it is input.
Faster to enter/type in.
Search query is faster.
What are two problems with encoding data?
Coding sometimes involves subjective judgements (‘Value judgements’). For example, a restaurant could get a 5-star review, but another reviewer might give it only 2 stars.
Coding sometimes involves loss of information because categories are too coarse. For example, coding hair colour as ‘brown’ would include a wide range of shades from light to dark.
Other than accuracy and completeness, describe 4 other characteristics of good quality information. Write 4 terms then explain. Hint: CUTE CAR
(Complete), Up to date, Targeted for the Employee using it, Comprehensible, (Accurate), Relevant
What is verification of data? Give an example from a website registration form.
A verification check involves comparing two sources of the same data to ensure they are identical. An example from a website registration form is the need to enter a password twice (double entry).
Give an example of manual verification of data.
An employee proof reading data on a computer to ensure it is the same as the original paper source is an example of manual verification.
Why are validation and verification checks necessary?
Validation and verification checks are necessary in order to reduce the number of errors that get into a data system. The aim is to reduce the problem of ‘rubbish in, rubbish out’.
Do validation and verification checks ensure that data input into a system is perfect?
Validation and verification checks can only ensure that data is sensible and reasonable. Some incorrect data could get through because it meets the validation rules and it has been correctly input from the original source.
Give two examples of a transcription input error.
A transcription input error is a human error, for example due to a typing mistake, or misreading of handwriting
Name four advantages of ICT vs manual data processing.
Ability to: repeat an operation exactly an infinite number of times, store data on high capacity media, process data at high speed, process data with great accuracy, search data, analyse data to make predictions, outut data in multiple formats, secure data, for example using encryption
What does CAD stand for?
Computer Aided Design
What does CAM stand for?
Computer Aided Manufacturing
What is a Computer Aided Design (CAD) system?
Use of computers to design physical things, such as buildings, machines, kitchens, products, components - almost anything!
What is Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software?
Use of computers to control manufacturing processes and tools, such as lathes, drills, millers and robots.
How does CAD relate to CAM?
The outputs of CAD in the form of 3D designs are the inputs to CAM systems that drive machines to produce the physical object or space.
Name 3 features of CAD software (ie 3 things you can do when you are using it).
Zoom in to see the design in detail
Convert a 2D drawing to 3D wiredrawing
Rotate the design to see it from all angles
Use rendering (hatching) to try out different surfaces and materials
Shade the design to view different surface effects
Build up the design in individual layers
Walkthrough a design such as a house to see it from the perspective of a person in the location
Work out costings for the design prototype, or the final build.
Name 3 advantages of using CAD software.
Digital drawings can be sent to colleagues, so easier to collaborate as a team - even in different countries
You can manipulate images in 3D
You can import pre-drawn 3D objects from software libraries
The design includes a list of components and materials needed to build the object
Stress/strain tests can be run as simulations to check for safety issues (eg bridge design)
Name 3 disadvantages of CAD/CAM (why doesn’t every company have this?)
CAD requires a high-specification computer with a lot of processing power, storage, high-resolution screen and 3D mouse.
A designer using CAD has had a lot of training and so their wages will be high.
CAM drives precision manufacturing machines, which are expensive (although the costs are falling).
What processes are involved in Just in Time stock control?
Barcodes on the products are matched with the stock database.
Product that was sold is deducted from JiT database - stock decreases by 1
Current stock is checked against stock orders.
If below level, an automatic request is sent to the supplier, or distribution centre.
New stock is delivered (barcodes are on packaging, or added by retailer)
Stock database is updated.
State two advantages of using barcodes for entering product data.
Using a scanner to read barcodes is faster than typing in product codes by hand.
A barcode scanner is more accurate (less prone to scanning errors) than manual typing.
Low printing costs - it is inexpensive to print barcodes onto product packaging.
State a disadvantage of using barcodes for entering product data.
A basic retail barcode only holds data in the form of numbers.
Laser scanners in supermarkets are expensive.
What is a loyalty card?
The card identifies the holder as a member of the retailer’s rewards scheme. The customer is encouraged to spend more in order to receive discounts.
What are the advantages of a loyalty card scheme for retailers?
Advantages of loyalty cards for retailers include:
Increases the amount customers spend
Builds a profile of typical customers through their buying habits
Offer discounts in partnership with other companies, for example hotels.
Measure the results of special offer campaigns
Encourage customers to buy their more profitable items rather than their low-margin products.
What does CAL stand for?
CAL = Computer Assisted Learning (using online tools such as Quizlet and Google Classroom)
