HIV

Question 1

Risks of transmission in HIV

Answer 1

• Needlestick: 0.3% - reduced by 70% by post-stick prophhylaxis
• Vertical: 20% breast feeding, 10% pre/peri-partum
• Sexual: 0.8-3.2% in anal

Question 2

Symptoms of different CD4 counts

Answer 2

250: generalised lymphoadenopathy

150: Karposi’s sarcoma, lymphoma

50: HSV, VZV, CMV

Question 3

Example of an HIV associated lung disease

Answer 3

Pneumocystis jjroceyi pneumonia (fungi)

• injures type 1 alveorlar cells via fibronectin binding
• Batwing CXR
• pO2<9.3 give steroids
• over: antibiotics

Question 4

Neoplasms more common in HIV

Answer 4

Karposi’s

Lymphoma

Cancer of lung

Question 5

CNS presentations in HIV

Answer 5

Tuberculous Meningitis: rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutamol

Cryptococcal meningitis: amphotericin B2 weeks then life long fluconazole

Focal CNS lesion: non infectious, tumours

Toxoplasmosis encephalitis

Question 6

HIV associated cancers

Answer 6

Karposis

Non-hodgkins, and hodgkins

Question 7

Antiretrociral treatmant of HIV

Answer 7

• Nucleoside analogues NRTIs
• Non-nucleoside analogues NNRTIs
• Protease inhibitors
• Fusion inhibitor

MINIMUM OF THREE REQUIRED. 10 year increase in life expectancy if used sequentially