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NCLEX > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

-dipine

A

Ca Channel blocker (ALSO DILTIAZEM and verapamil)

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2
Q

-afil

A

erectile dysfunction

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3
Q

-caine

A

anesthetics

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4
Q

-pril

A

ACEI

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5
Q

-pram, -lam

A

benzo

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6
Q

-statin

A

antilipidemic

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7
Q

-asone, -solone

A

corticosteroid

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8
Q

-alol

A

beta blocker

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9
Q

-cillin

A

penicillin

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10
Q

-ide

A

oral hypoglycemic

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11
Q

-prazole

A

PPI

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12
Q

-vir

A

antiviral

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13
Q

-ase

A

thrombolytic (teplase, tepase)

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14
Q

-azine

A

antiemetic

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15
Q

-pylline

A

bronchodilator

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16
Q

-arin

A

anticoagulant

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17
Q

-dine

A

antiulcer

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18
Q

-zine

A

antihistamine

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19
Q

-cycline

A

antibiotic

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20
Q

-mycin

A

aminoglycoside

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21
Q

-floxacin

A

antibiotic

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22
Q

-tyline

A

tricyclic antidepressant

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23
Q

-pram, -ine

A

SSRIs

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24
Q

antidote for ethylene poisoning

A

fomepizole

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25
Q

antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

methylene blue

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26
Q

antidote for lead

A

succimer

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27
Q

antidote for haparine/enoxaparin

A

protamine sulfate

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28
Q

antidote for curare

A

edrophonium

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29
Q

antidote for benzo

A

flumazenil

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30
Q

trough drug levels: gentamicin

A

1 - 2 mcg/ml

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31
Q

trough drug levels: tobramycin

A

1 to 2 mcg/ml

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32
Q

trough drug levels:vanco

A

15-20 mcg/ml

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33
Q

dig toxicity level

A

> 2.4 ng/mL

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34
Q

tox level for lithium

A

> 2.0 mEq/L

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35
Q

tox level for phenytoin

A

> 30 mcg/mL

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36
Q

tox level for acetaminophen

A

greater than 250 mcg/mL

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37
Q

best peak level oral intake

A

1 -2 hr

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38
Q

best peak level IM

A

1 hr

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39
Q

best beak level IV

A

30 min

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40
Q

signs of digoxin toxicity

A

GI, CNS, dysrhthmias

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41
Q

when to hold dig

A

< 60 adults; < 70 kids; < 90 infants

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42
Q

Rapid acting insulin: name?

A

lispro

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43
Q

rapid acting insulin: onset, peak, duration

A

15 - 30 min onset; 0.5 - 2.5 hr peak; 3-6 hr duration

44
Q

short acting insulin: name?

A

regular

45
Q

short acting insulin: onset, peak, duration

A

0.5 - 1 hr onset; 1-5 hr peak; 6-10 hr duration

46
Q

intermediate insulin: name:

A

NPH

47
Q

intermediate insulin: onset, peak, duration

A

1 -2 hr onset; 6-14 hr peak; 16 - 24 hr duration

48
Q

long acting insulin: name?

A

glargine

49
Q

long acting insulin: onset, peak, duration

A

70 min onset; no peak; 24 hr duration

50
Q

what med can lead to a build up of lactic acid in the body

A

metformin

51
Q

abx used for c. diff

A

vanco

52
Q

name two uses for gabepentin

A

epilepsy and neuralgia

53
Q

methotrexate; indications:

A

disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug, chemo

54
Q

-dronate

A

bisphosphonates (tx, prevent osteoporosis).

55
Q

which 2 meds are most ototoxic and nephrotoxic?

A

genta and vanco

56
Q

Which meds should be avoided with grapefruit juice?

A

CCBs and statins

57
Q

K wasting diuretics

A

loop and thiazide

58
Q

K sparing diuretic

A

spironalactone

59
Q

client education with a cholesterol absorption inhibitor (i.e. ezetimibe) and statins being taken at the same time:

A

risk of liver damage is increased when the two are combined.

60
Q

glu- and gli- are what type of meds:

A

glucose meds

61
Q

what are some mucolytics?

A

acetylcysteine, hypertonic saline (used in CF pts)

62
Q

what is acetylcysteine indicated for? 2 things

A

antidote for acetaminophen poisoning, mucolytic

63
Q

what are three most common s/e of insulin?

A

hypo/hyperglycemia; lipodystrophy

64
Q

how do you prepare insulin to mix?

A

roll vial of insulin (except regular), never shake.

65
Q

Precaution to consider when giving glucagon IV:

A

Do not mix with sodium chloride or dextrose solutions

66
Q

What is the name of thyroid hormone medication:

A

levothyroxine/T4

67
Q

Indications for levothyroxine:

A

hypOthyroidism; emergency tx of myxedema coma (watch for signs of hypERthyroid with levels too high).

68
Q

What med inhibits thyroid hormone?

A

methimazole

69
Q

which thyroid med is c/i in breastfeeding?

A

methimazole

70
Q

what are signs of toxicity with methimazole (thyroid antagonist):

A

signs of hypOthyroid: periorbital edema, cold intolerance, mental depression

71
Q

What are the indications for giving albumin?

A
  1. expand volume via oncotic changes;
  2. hypovolemia
  3. hypoalbuminemia
  4. burns
  5. severe nephrosis
  6. hemolytic disease of newborn
72
Q

when do you take an antacid?

A

1 hour AFTER eating

73
Q

Adverse effects with anti platelet meds:

A

bruising and tarry stool

74
Q

when must thrombolytic be administered?

A

within 4 to 6 hrs of symptom onset

75
Q

what is the biggest risk of taking diuretics (2)?

A

Dehdyration and falls

76
Q

what do you watch for the most when taking antidiarrheals?

A

fluid and electrolytes

77
Q

Client education r/t antisecretory/blocking agents:

A

decrease in WBC and need to Increase calcium b/c long term use can lead to osteoporosis

78
Q

Empty stomach meds:

A

sucrulfate, levothyroxine, bethanechol (used for urinary hesitancy), bisphosphonates (used for osteoporosis, hypercalemia), Doxepin (Silenor) (TCA), TB meds

79
Q

what antimicrobrial class can be used with pen allergy?

A

Macrlides: azithro, clarithro, erythro

80
Q

what antimicrobial class is avoided with pen allergy?

A

Cephalosporins: cephalexin, cefaclor, cefotaxime

81
Q

what meds are used for TB and what is the timeframe?

A

Isonizid and Rifampin
Isoniazid: latent TB for 6 to 9 months
Active TB: multiple therapy up to 24 months
AVOID TYRAMINE foods
INCREASED R/O phenytoin toxicity
RIFAMPIN will discolor tears, urine, saliva, sweat.

82
Q

Gout meds: acute and chronic

A

allopurinol (chronic - ALL the time); Colchicine (ACUTE)

83
Q

Nursing interventions for antigout meds

A

use with caution in renal and cardiac pts; avoid use with theophylline, d/c immediately with rash and fever; decreases warfarin metabolism; AVOID foods high in purines to reduce uric acid, avoid aspirin, monitor CBC and uric acid levels

84
Q

anti-anxiety meds

A

Benzos and antidepressant: lams, pram, ines, pams, chlrodiazepoxide, buspirone

85
Q

Venlafaxine: SSRI - avoid with which other drug class?

A

MAOI’s.

86
Q

SSRI’s examples

A

citrolopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline

87
Q

SNRIs examples

A

duloxetine, venlafaxine

88
Q

S/e of SSRI/SNRI

A

weight gain, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, drowsiness

89
Q

Avoid what drug class with tricylclics?

A

MAOI’s too! Also, avoid with St. John’s Wort.

90
Q

S/E with tricyclic a/d?

A

anticholinergic, ortho HoTN, cardiac dysrhy, DECREASED seizure threshold.

91
Q

MAOI’s nursing interventions/adverse reactions

A

CNS stimulation, ortho HoTN, HYPERTENSIVE crisis with tyramine, SSRI’s, and tricyclics, DO NOT use levodopa w/in 2 weeks of MAOI use.

92
Q

SIDE effects with typical antipsychotics

A

Sedation, EPS, Anticholinergic effects

93
Q

Adverse effects with typical antipsychotics

A

TD, Agranulocytosis, NMS, Seizures

94
Q

S/E and A/E of ATYPICAL antipsychotics

A

Agranulocytosis, weight gain, DM, dyslipidemia, ortho hypotension, EPS

95
Q

what med class is used for myasthenia gravis?

A

cholinesterase inhibitor (neostigmine, ambenonium, edrophonium).

96
Q

antiseizure meds

A

carbamazepine, gabapentin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid.

97
Q

adverse effects of phenytoin

A
  1. causes increase excretion of digoxin, warfarin and oral contraceptives; 2. watch for gingival hypertrophy, diplopia, drowsiness, hirsutism.
98
Q

what are the meds of choice for status epilepticus?

A

diazepam or lorazepam IV push; followed by IV phenytoin or fosphenytoin.

99
Q

Ginko med interactions

A

may increase effects of MAOI’s, anticoags, and antiplatelet aggregates. May reduce effectiveness of insulin.

100
Q

what med is given to babies to close the patent ductus arteriosus?

A

Indomethacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.

101
Q

what is the indication for methylnaltrexone?

A

Methylnaltrexone (Relistor) is a subcutaneous injection that treats constipation caused by opioid pain medication

102
Q

First gen antipsychotics

A

Thioridazine, haloperidol, loxapine

103
Q

Second gen antipsychotics

A

Clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone

104
Q

Meds for anxiety d.o.’s

A

Antidepressants SSRI, SNRI, TCa’s (imipramine, amitriptyline) venlafaxine, duloxetine; anti anxiety (benzos, nonbenzo (buspirone)), gabapentin (anticonvulsant)

105
Q

Meds for bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizer: lithium
Anticonvulsants: valproic acid
atypicals: apiprazole, risperadone
Antianxiety agents: clonazepam

106
Q

Med options for personality disorders

A

Antidepressants, antianxiety, antipychotics: depending on the disorder.

107
Q

-tropium

A

inhaled anticholinergics for bronchospasm preventions, manage allergy or exercise induced asthma, COPD (NOT for use with acute bronchospasm).

NCLEX (3 decks)

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