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micro Flashcards

s

1
Q

molluscum contagiosum is caused by a:

A

poxvirus, an enveloped virus with double-stranded, linear DNA

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2
Q

Smallpox viral family

A

poxvirus (largest DNA virus)

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3
Q

Donovaniosis also known as

A

Granuloma Inguinale

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4
Q

Granuloma Inguinale causal agent is

A

Klebsiella (Calymmatobacterium) granulomatis

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5
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

C trachomatis (L1–L3)

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6
Q

Yerisinia pestis is the organism responsible for:

A

The bubonic plague (ie, Black Death).

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7
Q

Treatment for Y. pestis

A

Streptomycin and tetracycline

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8
Q

How is Y. pestis transmitted?

A

is spread to humans by fleas from rodents, especially prairie dogs, in the western US

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9
Q

Normal synovial fluid analysis:

  1. WBC count
  2. PMN
  3. Viscosity
  4. Glucose levels
A
  1. <200 cells/μL,
  2. <25% polymorphonuclear neutrophils,
  3. high viscosity
  4. similar to pt’s serum glucose
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10
Q

Which organisms are associated with Reactive Arthritis?

A

Shigella, Yersinia, Chlamydia, Campylobacter, Salmonella(ShYChiCS)

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11
Q

This gram-negative coccobacillus can lead to skin abscesses, (purulent and rapidly spread). Found in nl oral flora of cats and dogs

A

Pasteurella multocida

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12
Q

PYR positivity and bacitracin sensitivity are specific to:

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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13
Q

S. aureus is coagulase-

A

positive.

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14
Q

What does Coagulase do?

A

Enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

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15
Q

Which toxin released by S. aureus disrupts cell adhesions in the epidermis, thereby causing an eruption of vesicles on the face ???

A

Exfoliative toxin A

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16
Q

besides the Skin, which other organs are usually affected in Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

Lungs and GI tract

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17
Q

The diagnosis of Rheumatoid Fever is often made by using

A

the Jones criteria,

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18
Q

catalase + bacteria can:

A

Can breakdown H2 O2 (hydrogen peroxide)

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19
Q

Staph aureus normally colonizes:

A

The nares, axila and groin

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20
Q

triad of congenital toxoplasmosis

A

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, and intracranial calcification. (+/- blueberry muffin rash)

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21
Q

Congenital rubella infection can result in

A 
deafness
patent ductus arteriosus, 
pulmonary artery stenosis, 
cataracts,
microcephaly
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22
Q

rubella classic triad (german measles)

A
  1. abnormalities of eye(cataract)
  2. ear(deafness)
  3. (PDA); (pulm artery stenosis)
    ± “blueberry muffin” rash. “

“I(eye) ♥ruby (rubella) earrings.”

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23
Q

classic triad of HUS is

A

anemia
thrombocytopenia
acute renal failure

24
Q

name 3 spirochetes

A

borrelia
leptospira
treponema

25
Q

how can you visualize treponema and leptospira?

A

under dark microscopy

26
Q

how can you visualize Borrelia?

A

With Giemsa and Wright. Does not gram stain.

27
Q

Strep pneumo is Optochin

A

Sensitive

28
Q

Strep viridans is Optochin

A

Resistant

29
Q

Bacitracin Resistant:

A

GBStrep

30
Q

Bacitracin Sensitive

A

GA strep

31
Q

Alpha hemolysis:

A

Strep pneumo

Strep viridans

32
Q

beta hemolytic: (complete hemolysis)

A

GBS and GAS,

also Staph Aureus and Listeria

33
Q

How can gram negative bacilli be divided?

A

Lactose fermenters or Non Lactose fermenters

34
Q

Name the slow Lactose Fermenting gram negative bacilli

A

Citrobacter and Serratia

35
Q

Name the Fast lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli:

A

E. coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter

36
Q

Name the gram negative bacilli that do not ferment Lactose and is oxidase +

A

Pseudomonas

37
Q

What do the 3 gram negative comma-shaped rods have in common?

A

They are oxidase +

38
Q

Name the 3 gram negative comma -shaped rods

A
  1. Vibrio cholera
  2. Campilobacter jejuni
  3. Helicobacter pylori
39
Q

gram negative cocobacilli that needs factor V and X to grow

A

haemophilus influenza type B
Factor V is nicotinamide
-chocolate agar.

40
Q

These are diagnostic for Candida albicans

A

germ tubes in the warm 37 degrees

41
Q

How is Giardia diarrhea??

A

Fatty diarrhea (steatorrhea)

42
Q

Instestinal amebiasis manifests as

A

bloody diarrhea

43
Q

Cryptosporidium is peculiar bc is the only parasite that is

A

partially acid fast

44
Q

Cryptosporidium causes watery diarrhea specially in which pts?

A

AIDS pts

45
Q

How is cyptosporidium transmitted?

A

OOCYSTS IN WATER-FECES.

46
Q

How do you treat immunocompetent pts with Cryptosporidium diarrhea?

A

nitazoxanide

47
Q

how do you prevent cryptosporidium infection?

A

filtering water

48
Q

cryptosporidium damages which part of the gut

A

small intestine

49
Q

treatment for Giardia infection is

A

Metrondizole

50
Q

how do you treat Entamoeba histolitica

A

metronidazole + luminal agent ioquinidol or paramycin

51
Q

This protozoan is free living and is such that acquisition does not generally indicate fecal contamination?

A

Acanthamoeba

52
Q

Common way to acquire Acanthamoeba is the us is

A

via home made saline solutions for soft contact lenses.

53
Q

A mass of fungal filaments is called

A

Mycelium

54
Q

Immigrant pt has a large, raised,colored, cauliflower-like ankle lesion. yeastlike sclerotic bodies are seenin the tissue biopsy. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Chromoblastomycosis

55
Q

Only the________ stain turns fungi a

pink-red color.

A

periodic acid-Schiff

56
Q

is the major causative agent of meningitis in patients with AIDS.

A

Cryptococcus, an encapsulated yeast,

step1 (22 decks)

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