The Treaty of Versailles (CAT)

Question 1

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

Answer 1

28th June 1919

Question 2

What is meant by the term diktat?

Answer 2

• Dictated peace

* Germany had no option but to sign

Question 3

What would happen if Germany didn’t sign the terms?

Answer 3

The Allies would continue the war

Question 4

Territorial terms in treaty

Answer 4

• 12.5% of land lost
• Danzig was made a free city under the leagues control
• the Saar was out under control of the league for 15 years, this limited Germany’s industry and coal production
• Germany’s colonies in Africa were given as mandates to the League
• the Rhineland was demilitarised
• Germany was split into two by the Polish corridor
• Alsace Lorraine given to France
• Germany lost 16% of their coal and 48% of their steel

Question 5

Military terms

Answer 5

• Rhineland is demilitarised
• army reduced to 100,000 men
• navy reduced to 15,000 men and 6 battleships
• no tanks, submarines or Air Force
• conscription was not allowed

Question 6

Responsibility terms/ reparations

Answer 6

• article 231 was the war guilt clause
• Germany took full responsibility for the war
• £6.6 billion to allies in instalments every year
• would take until 1988 to pay back
• Anschluss with Austria was forbidden

Question 7

How satisfied were the people of Britain with the treaty of versailles?

Answer 7

• because of propaganda during the war, the British saw the Germans as barbarians they wanted revenge
• they treated Lloyd George as a hero when he returned, however they believed it could have been harsher

Question 8

How satisfied was Lloyd George with the treaty of Versailles?

Answer 8

• he was happy with British empire gaining extra colonies and the German navy being restricted
• he was concerned the territorial and money terms could lead to another war in years to come

Question 9

How satisfied were the people of France with the treaty of Versailles?

Answer 9

• French people wanted Germany to be punished severely
• they were pleased about the demilitarisation of the Rhineland and the reparations
• they were happy they gained the coal from the Saar helping their economy
• many people felt the treaty was a let off for Germans so clemenceau was soon voted out

Question 10

How satisfied was clemenceau with the treaty of Versailles?

Answer 10

• he was angry that Germany were still allowed a small army
• he thought the Rhineland should be taken away from Germany and made into a small powerless independent state
• he felt France should be given the Saar permanently
• he thought £6.6 billion was not enough

Question 11

How satisfied were the people of USA with the treaty of Versailles?

Answer 11

• they felt the treaty opposed the peace which their country was looking for
• they thought USA should stay out of European politics as it did more harm than good
• they believed that France and Britain had been made more powerful at Germany’s expense
• the republicans used the treaty to criticise Wilson

Question 12

How satisfied was Woodrow Wilson with the treaty of Versailles?

Answer 12

• the republicans refused to ratify the treaty as it was not in America’s best interest
• Wilson was devastated that USA couldn’t join the League of Nations
• he was happy the league had been created but was annoyed that the majority of the fourteen points had been ignored
• he died of a stroke in 1924

Question 13

Why did Germany feel they should receive no punishment for the war

Answer 13

The kaiser who was responsible for the war had fled so Germany should receive no punishment

Question 14

How did the Germans feel about the treaty?

Answer 14

• they were shocked at how harsh it was
• they hated that they had to accept responsibility for the war
• many Germans were angry that they had been loved to live in different countries
• Germany were humiliated by the treaty and lost their sense of pride
• there were attempts to overthrow the Weimar Republic such as the communists and the kapp putsch

Question 15

How can the treaty be seen as unfair

Answer 15

• 6 million Germans were now living outside of Germany and feared prosecution
• German families were forced off of their land as it was claimed by other countries
• Germany felt vulnerable to other attacks
• Germany were forced to accept blame for the war although it wasn’t just their fault
• they had no say in the treaty
• reparations crippled Germany

Question 16

What was the significance of the treaty of Sevres?

Answer 16

• turkey revolted against its harsh terms and it was overturned
• this showed people like Mussolini and Hitler that the treaties could be overturned
• the British overturned the treaty which undermined all other treaties

Question 17

In what ways was the treaty fair?

Answer 17

• WW1 was the most devastating war ever it was right that the losing countries should pay for the damage
• it was normal for the losers to agree to harsh terms.
• when Russia withdrew Germany forced s treaty on them which suggests that Germany would have been even more harsh on the allies
• Europe was falling apart so the peacemakers were under pressure and did the best they could

Question 18

Who were Germany’s allies in the war and what treaties did they recieve?

Answer 18

• Austria- treaty of St Germain
• Bulgaria- treaty of Neuilly
• Hungary- treaty of Trianon
• Turkey- treaty of Sevres

Question 19

What terms were enforced on Austria in the treaty of St Germain?

Answer 19

• Austria lost land to Italy and Romania
• land was taken to create the new states of Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland
• they had to pay reparations
• 30,000 men in army
• no conscription
• no army

Question 20

What was the impact of the treaty of St Germain?

Answer 20

• Italy felt they weren’t given enough land so were unhappy with the league
• Austria’s economy soon collapsed in 1921
• new states were a mix of nationalities that often clashed
• Eastern Europe consisted of lists of new, small states instead of one powerful empire

Question 21

What were the terms of the the treaty of Neuilly on Bulgaria?

Answer 21

• Bulgaria lost land to surrounding countries
• £100million in reparations
• army limited to 20,000
• no conscription
• no Air Force
• four battleships in Navy

Question 22

What were the terms on Hungary in the treaty of Trianon?

Answer 22

• lost land to neighbouring countries
• agreed to reparations before the economy collapsed
• 30,000 army
• no conscription

Only allowed three patrol boats

Question 23

What were the terms on turkey in the treaty of Sevres?

Answer 23

• lost land to Greece
• the Turkish (ottoman) empire was split up
• 50,000 army
• Navy was restricted to 7 sail boats and 6 torpedo boats
• turkey lost important waterways that connected the Black Sea and the Mediterranean
• the allies were allowed to keep troops in turkey

Question 24

Impacts of the treaty of Sevres?

Answer 24

• the people of turkey were so furious they revolted and overthrew the government
• the new president threatened to fight the allies over the treaty
• the allies weren’t prepared for war so settled on the Treaty of Lausanne

Question 25

Terms in the treaty of Lausanne?

Answer 25

• some land from Greece was regained
• control of the important waterways was regained
• the fight to decide how big their armed forces were was regained
• reparations were cancelled
• allied troops were withdrawn from turkey

Question 26

What were France and Clemenceau’s aims in the treaty of Versailles?

Answer 26

• punishment and revenge
• protection- reduction of Germany’s armed forces and power
• recover losses and reparations

Question 27

What were the main aims of Woodrow Wilson and USA in the treaty of Versailles?

Answer 27

• self determination
• start the League of Nations
• stop future wars

Question 28

What were the main aims of Britain and Lloyd George in the treaty of Versailles?

Answer 28

• revenge and and reparations for the British people
• retain Naval supremacy
• retain a trade relationship with Germany
• reduces the German empire, preserve the British empire
• reduces risk of another war