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Music Technology > Effects > Flashcards

Effects Flashcards

1
Q

How and when was delay created?

A

Created in the 1950s by tape systems to utilise difference in placement between record and playback head.

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2
Q

How did the output of the sound of tape delay varied?

A

Speed of the tape or the adjustment of playback head.

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3
Q

Give an example of a model of tape delay.

A

WEM Copycat - 1959

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4
Q

What kind of delay became available in the 1970s?

A

Bucket brigade capacitors.

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5
Q

What kind of delay did bucket brigade capacitors create? Where were they commonly found?

A

Warm series of reducing echoes but couldn’t produce long delay times.
Found in guitar pedals.

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6
Q

What kind of delay was available in the 1980s? Give two advantages.

A

Digital delay.

Cheaper memory chips that could hold sound for longer.

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7
Q

What is Stereo Delay? What kind of sound can it produce?

A

Two mono delays with separate controls.

Slightly different times produce a richer sound.

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8
Q

What is Multitap delay?

A

Number of delay times.

Single tap = one delay time.

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9
Q

What is Doubling Echo / ADT?

A

Very short delay time (20-40ms) producing effect of ADT.

+slight pitch shift and pan gives impression of two performers.

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10
Q

What is slapback delay?

A

Delay time between 100-200ms with little or no feedback (emulating hard-walled rooms)

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11
Q

What is Ping Pong delay?

A

Echo alternating between left and right channels.

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12
Q

What is tempo delay?

A

Delay time matches tempo of music.

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13
Q

What is straight delay?

A

Makes up for distance of sound to travel from sound source to back of venue on large venues.
Speakers are installed at the front and back.

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14
Q

What is reverb?

A

Reverb mimics natural reflections of sound produced in an enclosed space with multiple delays.

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15
Q

How is natural reverb captured?

A

With omnidirectional or boundary microphones.

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16
Q

What is an echo chamber?

A

Special hard-walled room.

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17
Q

How was reverb captured in an echo chamber?

A

Sound was sent from control room and played over a speaker.

Microphone at far end of room captured reverberated sound of room that was sent back to control room.

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18
Q

How could reverb be edited in echo chambers?

A

Changing mic position, adding absorbent material.

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19
Q

What is spring reverb?

A

Long spring that passes the signal through, produces mid-range boost with long reverb time.

20
Q

Where was spring reverb firstly found? Where is it commonly found?

A 
Hammond Organ (1930s) 
Commonly built in combo amplifiers (creates noise if amp was knocked)
21
Q

Give an example of spring reverb.

A

The Great British Spring (1981): 1m wall-mounted, suspended in plastic tube.

22
Q

What is plate reverb?

A

Large thin metal plate with centrally mounted transducer to generate vibrations. Microphone style pick-up transducer placed on edge of plate.

23
Q

How is RT60 controlled on plate reverb?

A

Adjusting damping pad combined with send control.

24
Q

What kind of sound does plate reverb produce? What instruments is it used for?

A

Warm sense sound, suitable for vocals and drums.

25
Q

Give an example of plate reverb:

A

EMT-140 (1957) an industry standard.

26
Q

Give an example of digital reverb?

A

EMT-250 (1976): first commercial digital reverb unit.

27
Q

What is convolution reverb?

A

Uses acoustic samples of reverb from real spaces.

28
Q

Give an example of convolution reverb:

A

DRE-577 (1999): first convolution reverb hardware unit (stored in CD-Rom)

Altiverb (2001): first convolution reverb plug-in

29
Q

What is the process of convolution reverb?

A
  • Impulse signal played in room (short loud sound).
  • Resulting reverb digitally recorded.
  • Impulse signal is removed and reverberation added to required sound of mix.
30
Q

What is pre-delay?

A

Gap between the sound and application of reverb.

31
Q

What is reverb time?

A

Time for reverb to fade back to -60dB.

32
Q

What is reverb size?

A

Imaginary size of room.

33
Q

What are reverb early reflections?

A

Bounce back of objects that might take place before main reverb.
(Gives processed sound more bite)

34
Q

What is reverb Density?

A

How complex reflections are

35
Q

What are the High and low frequency controls on reverb?

A

Adjusts tone to match the absorbency of varying environments.

36
Q

What is high frequency damping in reverb?

A

Increases warmth of space by simulating how soft-furnishing would absorb high frequency reflections of room.

37
Q

What is chorus effect?

A

Frequency modulation produced with small delay.

38
Q

Give three time based effects:

A

Chorus
Flanger
Phaser

39
Q

How is flanger achieved?

A

Two identical signals are mixed together, one signal has a modulated delay time.
Results in comb filter that sweeps up and down frequency spectrum.

40
Q

How is phaser achieved?

A

Controlled by LFO and changes through varying the interaction between two signals, affecting tonal character of sound.

41
Q

What is the width control on a phaser?

A

Width of modulation effect between high and low frequencies

42
Q

How is wah achieved?

A

Pedal controlled band-pass filter, sweeps up and down frequency spectrum, creating a spectral glide

43
Q

What is feedback on an effects unit?

A

Amount of effect signal that is routed back to the input.

44
Q

Chorus: what is depth?

A

Sets amount of LFO pitch shifting

45
Q

Chorus: what is rate?

A

Sets speed at which LFO works

46
Q

Chorus: what is sync?

A

Software plugins can set LFO to match speed of music.

47
Q

What is the mix control?

A

How much effect is applied to original signal.

Music Technology (14 decks)

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