Pharmacology Haematological Disorders

Question 1

IRON:

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 1

Indication:
Iron deficiency anaemia, metabolic issues

Mode of Action:
Iron is absorbed from the duodenum and jejunum and carried in plasma bound to transferrin. Iron that leaves the plasma is used for the synthesis of Hb by red cell precursors that bind to transferrin molecules, releasing them after uptake of the iron.
Iron as ferritin is stored in all cells – the majority in RBC’s, next liver, and bone marrow.
Haemosiderin is a degraded form of ferritin. Iron concentration is tightly controlled by the absorptive process as the body has virtually no mechanism for excreting iron.

Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults:
IV – 200mg (Hb),
PO- 45mg max daily

Adverse Effects:
Constipation, 
diarrhoea, 
stomach cramps,
upset stomach may occur.

Question 2

PREDNISOLONE:

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 2

Indication: synthetic corticosteroid. Treatment of corticosteroid-responsive conditions. is a steroid that prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation.
rheumatoid arthritis,
rheumatic fever,
gout

Mode of Action:
The mechanism of action of corticosteroids is thought to be via control of protein synthesis. Corticosteroids react with receptor proteins in the cytoplasm of sensitive cells in many tissues to form a steroid/ receptor complex.

Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults:
initially 20-40 mg

Adverse Effects:
GI upset; weight change; fluid, electrolyte, metabolic disturbance; arrhythmia; a headache; vertigo; insomnia; restlessness; seizure

Question 3

FRESH FROZEN PLASMA:

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 3

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Question 4

IMMUNOGLOBULIN:

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 4

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Question 5

ASPIRIN:

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 5

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Question 6

INTERFERON
Alpha-2b:

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 6

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Question 7

VITAMIN B12:

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 7

Indication:
Used principally to treat pernicious anaemia and optic neuropathies (the vitamin is essential to nerve development).

Mode of Action:
Vitamin B12 is used in the body in two forms: Methylcobalamin [1] and 5-deoxyadenosyl cobalamin [2]. The enzyme methionine synthase needs [1] as a cofactor. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of the amino acid homocysteine into methionine. Methionine, is required for DNA methylation.

Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults:
IM, PO High Dosage: 1000-3000 µg, High Dosage: 1000-3000 µg

Adverse Effects:
The adverse reaction, as with folic acid, is rare.
Confirm the diagnosis before use, as vit B12 may mask the clinical signs of folic acid deficiency

Question 8

DESMOPRESSIN ACETATE (DDAVP):

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 8

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Question 9

CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE:

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 9

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Question 10

FACTOR VIII:

Indication:
Mode of Action:
Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults: Adverse Effects:

Answer 10

Indication:
Treatment or prevention of haemophilia A

Mode of Action:
Replacing missing plasma clotting factor to control and prevent bleeding. Factor VIII is a glycoprotein needed for haemostasis and blood clotting – required for transformation of prothrombin to thrombin. control and prevent bleeding episodes in people with low levels of factor VIII (haemophilia A). Patients before surgery to prevent bleeding. to temporarily replace the missing factor VIII, a protein (clotting factor) that is normally in the blood.

Route of Administration and Dose-range for Adults:
IV (body weight (in kg) x desired Factor VIII increase (% normal)) x 0.5

Adverse Effects:
Headache, increased HR, tingling of fingers, fainting, lethargy, sedation, hypotension, back pain, N & V, visual disturbances, chest constrictions