Vertebrate intro Flashcards
Which phylum are vertebrates a part of?
Chordates.
What is an extra in vertebrates that’s not in the rest of the Chordates?
Bony skeleton Neural crest cells
What is more complex in vertebrates than in Chordates?
Sense organs of the head Brain
Sister groups to vertebrates?
Tunicates then Amphioxus
What is an Osteocyte?
Strain and crack sensors. Work out if the animal needs more bone, this can mean that athletes have stronger bone.
What is an Osteoclath?
Breaks down bone
What is an Osteoblast?
Makes bone by secreting proteins
What exists in the space between osteocytes?
Collagen fibres pus calcium phosphate crystals - prevent brittle bones.
What is the dorsal hollow nerve cord?
Sits above the notochord, which is above the gut. Forms bone and muscle. Forms the repeated structures which are seen in the vertebrae
What are the 2 main parts of the bony skeleton?
Limbs and the skull
What happens with neural crest cells?
A single cell gets separated to single cells. These single cells give rise to a diverse cell lineage. 1. Sensory nerves 2. Pigment cells 3. Gut nerves 4. Autonomic nervous system 5. More skeleton in the head - most of the skull bone.
What changes happened to the brain in vertebrates?
- Bigger forebrain (olfaction and thinking)
- Clear midbrain (optic lobes)
- Segmented hindbrain (touch sense and gill skeleton)
Well protected.
Phylogeny of vertebrates?
Phylogeny of Sarcopterygians?
Describe Lampreys?
Jawless
Circular, rasping mouth
No paired fins
No true bone
Spawn in rivers and migrate to sea
