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A-Level Geography > Migration > Flashcards

Migration Flashcards

1
Q

What is China’s passport system called?

A

Hukou

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2
Q

When did the Schengen Agreement come into effect?

A

1995

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3
Q

How many Schengen members are there?

A

26

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4
Q

How much of the EU’s citizens live in another member state?

A

2.8%

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5
Q

How much of the world’s population live outside their country of birth?

A

4%

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6
Q

How much of the Japanese population is immigrant?

A

1.7%

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7
Q

What is the average immigrant population of an advanced economy?

A

5%

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8
Q

What proportion of Australia’s immigrants are accepted based on skills shortages?

A

70%

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9
Q

What problems has the hukou system caused?

A

Pressure on transport system when urban workers return to rural homes at the holidays

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10
Q

What is neo-liberalism?

A

Belief in free flows of people, capital and trade

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11
Q

Define sovereignty

A

Authority of a state to govern

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12
Q

Define national identity

A

The sense of belonging to a country and its culture

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13
Q

Where on the political spectrum do people believe that immigrants burden the country by taking jobs and services?

A

Right wing

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14
Q

How are names chosen in Iceland?

A

From an approved list, to preserve Icelandic saga language

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15
Q

What proportion of Icelanders belong to same the church?

A

74%

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16
Q

What plays an intrinsic part of Iceland’s national identity?

A

Icelandic Sagas

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17
Q

When was the Berlin conference?

A

1884

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18
Q

What are the ethnic areas of Singapore?

A

Chinatown, Little India, Kampong Glam (Muslim Malay)

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19
Q

What is the distribution of ethnicity in Singapore?

A

74% Chinese, 13% Malay, 9% Indian

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20
Q

What kind of borders were drawn in Africa?

A

Geometric boundaries

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21
Q

How did the Belgians increase tension in Rwanda?

A

Introduced ethnic identity cards in 1926

Preference to Tutsi over Hutu

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22
Q

Who were initially in control of Rwanda?

A

Unified region

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23
Q

How many Tutsis were killed in the Rwandan genocide?

A

800,000

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24
Q

When was the Rwandan genocide?

A

1994

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25
Q

How many Polish people live in the UK?

A

Over 1 million

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26
Q

How much does the Cayman Islands hold in assets?

A

£1.1 trillion

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27
Q

What is the Cayman Islands’ personal tax rate?

A

0%

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28
Q

How much did Facebook pay in taxes to the UK?

A

£4300 in corporation tax in 2014

29
Q

Why are tax havens controversial?

A

Companies and individuals avoid paying tax in the country that enabled them to earn wealth

30
Q

What are the positives of tax havens?

A

Political stability and secure banking/legal systems

31
Q

How much of Apple’s cash was held abroad?

A

89%

32
Q

What IGO has been against tax havens?

A

EU - “ability of TNCs to move revenue throughout EU to low-tax member states like Ireland is unfair”

33
Q

What IGO supports tax havens?

A

World Bank

34
Q

What was Evo Morales elected for?

A

To undo 20 years of privatisation and IMF influence

35
Q

Who is Bolivia’s president?

A

Evo Morales

36
Q

How did Bolivia change their economic strategy, in regards to energy?

A

Nationalised oil and gas

37
Q

How much of the oil and gas industry’s value did the Bolivia government take from TNCs?

A

80%

38
Q

How did energy connections change in Bolivia?

A

Increased gas connections by 800%

Increased electricity by 150%

39
Q

How did the wealth distribution change in Bolivia?

A

Increased tax for the wealthy, guaranteed prices for food products for the poor
Increased Gini coefficient

40
Q

What is a good Gini coefficient?

A

Higher (0 to 1)

41
Q

How did the economic sanctions affect Iran?

A

GDP fell by 5%

42
Q

What was the economic sanctions on Iran?

A

Trade embargo on oil to discourage nuclear program

43
Q

When was Evo Morales elected?

A

2006

44
Q

What was happening in Bosnia in 1993?

A

Ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims by Bosnian Serbs

45
Q

When did ethnic cleansing take place in Bosnia?

A

1993

46
Q

Where did the UN designate a safe town?

A

Small town in northeast

Srebrenica

47
Q

How was Srebrenica protected?

A

Small force of UN peacekeepers

48
Q

How many people were massacred when Bosnian Serbs captured Srebrenica?

A

8000 men and boys

49
Q

What is unilateral action?

A

When a country acts against another without UN approval

50
Q

Where, in 2003, did the USA, UK and Australia invade in response to 9/11?

A

Iraq

51
Q

When did the USA, UK and Australia invade Iraq?

A

2003

52
Q

Who invaded Iraq in 2003 in response to 9/11?

A

USA, UK and Australia

53
Q

How did the USA, UK and Australia justify their invasion of Iraq?

A

Evidence of weapons of mass destruction

54
Q

Where would Catalonia rank in economy if it was its own nation?

A

34th

55
Q

How many people demonstrated for an independence referendum for Catalonia?

A

1.5 million 2012

56
Q

When was the Catalan Independence Referendum?

A

2017

57
Q

When was the Scottish Independence Referendum?

A

2014

58
Q

What was the vote in the Scottish Independence Referendum?

A

55% No

59
Q

When was the Antarctica Treaty System?

A

1959

60
Q

When did the Antarctica Treaty System come into effect?

A

1961

61
Q

What are the goals of the Antarctica Treaty System?

A

Not involved with military use
Not ruled by any country and/or continent.
Used only for scientific research

62
Q

What has been a drawback of the Antarctica Treaty System?

A

Decline of toothfish population

63
Q

How much did China invest in a Kenya railway?

A

£2.8 billion

64
Q

How has the railway impacted Kenya?

A

Cuts journey time across from Mombasa to Nairobi in half

65
Q

How much was the latest Jamaican loan from the IMF?

A

£650m

66
Q

When did the IMF first introduce SAPs to Jamaica?

A

1980s

67
Q

What were the social disadvantages of the IMF’s SAPs in Jamaica in the 1980s?

A

Removal of subsidies increased skyrocketed food prices

68
Q

How have the number of children completing primary school in Jamaica changed?

A

Was 97%

Now 73%

69
Q

What is the debt imbalance of Jamaica?

A

Has repaid more money to the IMF than it has been lent, and still owes £6 billion

A-Level Geography (14 decks)

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