enviro + pop

Question 1

food production + consumption

Answer 1

2010: enough produced feed everyone 2,800 / day, except 800 million suffered undernutrition (too little food to maintain healthy body weight) - ie uneven consumption

Question 2

global food production today

Answer 2

E. Asia + N. America: a lot due to good climate + lots of investment
C. America + Africa: little due to lack of resources + funding, unsuitable land e,g mountainous or poor soil quality e.g Sahara, unsuitable climate

Question 3

global food consumption today

Answer 3

more developed e.g N. America + Europe consume lots due to high incomes + culture of consumerism
less developed e.g Africa, S America, consume little due to low income
BRICs consuming more with rising incomes
beware global consumption maps won’t show national consumption inequality
2013-15 meat consumption: HIC (65.7kg), LIC (26.6kg)

Question 4

global undernourishment 2012

Answer 4

12% of global pop (UN FAO)

Question 5

Agricultural systems

Answer 5

open systems with physical, economic and behavioural inputs, farming processes, and outputs of animal products and crops
commercial (e.g cattle ranching S. America), subsistence (Africa + Asia), intensive: capital (dairy W. Europe) + labour (padi S.E Asia), extensive (livestock N. America), nomadic farming

Question 6

Agricultural productivity

TFP?

Answer 6

a measure of the efficiency of agric industry
Total factor productivity - the ratio of outputs to inputs
improving
soil + climate determine agriculturally productivity

Question 7

how can TFP be improved

Answer 7

disease / drought / flood resistant crops
more efficient cultivation processes
better tech
high-quality animal feed
favourable breeding practices

Question 8

soil effect on agriculture

Answer 8

poor quality or poor quantity e.g Sahara

different types are suited to different types of farming e.g too shallow or not fertile for crops so used for grazing

Question 9

climate effect on agriculture

Answer 9

success + survival rates
adapted growth
difficulties e.g on frozen ground

Question 10

polar climate

Answer 10

long intense cold winters, temps below -40 deg C, snow, strong, winds, glacial ice snow or permafrost land
human activities: 1. requires tech input e.g artificially thawed via clearing veg, spreading manure, raising beds + insulating under polytunnels 2. indigenous, e.g Inuit, herd reindeer for milk and meat
ie low TFP, meat-based diets via hunting, seasonal migration, thermal clothing + buildings
pop no.s: 13.1 mil over 8 countries
pop density: <4/km squared
mostly tundra N. America + Eurasia

Question 11

tropical monsoon climate

Answer 11

India + Bangladesh, seasonal reversal winds (winter: dry winds bring drought, av temp 19 deg C, summer April-Sept: southerly winds hot + wet, 1,500+ mm rainfall)
human activities: labour intensive, plant rice seedlings in flooded fields where mud walls retain water - strengthof monsoon determines, crop yield + price, India’s economy
pop no.s: India (1.32 bil)
pop dens: 446 km sq

Question 12

tropical monsoon disaster

Answer 12

2005: a strong monsoon devastated western India - as the summer monsoon blew in from the southwest 1,000s were killed in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra; Mumbai 1m of rain

Question 13

tropical monsoon: Influence of climate on human activity

Answer 13

Recognizing + establishing + organizing + proactivity

• ‘wet’ rice varieties in flat fertile alluvial flood plains of Ganges Valley, ‘dry’ rice varieties in irrigated hillside terraces of Indonesia
• optimal cultivation period for wet rice varieties during monsoon season
• dry seasons: paddies reused for second rice crop or beans, lentils and wheat
• very resourceful + eliminating waste via excess for fodder for animals, kindling for fires + woven into hats, mats, screens and baskets
• optimal rice yielding method - threshing + winnowing