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SA Sx > Kidney Sx > Flashcards

Kidney Sx Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Interlobar branches to the kidney do not cross midline

A

True

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2
Q

What are some surgical diseases of the kidneys?

A 
Neprholithiasis
Pyelonephritis
Trauma
Neoplasia
Hydronephrosis
Pseudocysts
Renal parasites
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3
Q

What is nephrolithiasis?

A

Kidney stones

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4
Q

What is the common crystal that leads to nephrolithiasis?

A

Ca oxalate- no medical management therapy

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5
Q

What are CS associated with nephrolithiasis?

A

Depression, anorexia, hematuria, pain

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6
Q

What are dx tests ran for nephrolithiasis?

A

Survey rads and U/S

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7
Q

When is sx indicated with nephrolithiasis?

A

Obstruction or infection is associated with calculi

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8
Q

What is the sx approach for a nephrolithotomy?

A

Ventral midline celiotomy

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9
Q

What is the most common technique used for closure of a nephrolithotomy?

A

Close the nephrotomy by apposing the cut tissues and
applying digital pressure for approximately 5 minutes while restoring blood flow through the renal vessels. Then oppose the capsule with a continuous suture pattern

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10
Q

What is the max time a vascular clamp can be used on the kidneys?

A

20 minutes-any longer would cause damage to the parenchyma

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11
Q

When is pyelolithotomy performed?

A

Calculi in renal pelvis and dilated

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12
Q

T/F: There is no risk for thromboemboli with pyelolithotomy?

A

True- no occlusion of blood supply

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13
Q

What are the dx tests ran for renal trauma?

A

Contrast excretory, ultragraphy or exploratory

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14
Q

Progressive dilatation of renal pelvis and atrophy of renal parenchyma

A

Hydronephrosis

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15
Q

What are the CS with unilateral vs. bilateral hydronephrosis?

A

Unilateral: abdominal distension & palpable mass
Bilateral: severe azotemia & death

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16
Q

T/F: Less than 1 week obstruction of the kidney will result in complete resolution

A

TRUE

17
Q

What sx is indicated for a non-functional kidney?

A

Nephroureterectomy

18
Q

What is a complication of obstructive uropathy?

A

Pyelonephritis- ascending infection

19
Q

What is the name of the giant kidney worm?

A

Dioctophyma renale

20
Q

What type of patients do you commonly see giant kidney worm in?

A

Hunting dogs

21
Q

What is the most common renal neoplasia?

A

Renal adenoma

22
Q

Which dx test can you confirm the kidney being origin of neoplasia?

A

Rads- cannot confirm

U/S- can confirm

23
Q

What is the preferred method for renal biopsy?

A

Exploratory laparotomy

24
Q

What is the most common neoplasia in dogs?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

Tx- nephroureterectomy and chemotherapy

25
Q

What is the most common renal neoplasia in cats?

A

Renal lymphoma

26
Q

When is a nephroureterectomy indicated?

A

severe infection/trauma

Obstructive calculi with persistent hydronephrosis, neoplasia, or transplant

27
Q

Why is a partial nephrectomy rarely performed?

A

infrequently performed due to compromised GFR in contralateral kidney

28
Q

What is the sample size for a renal biopsy?

A

5-6 glomeruli- cortex!

Collect at least two samples

29
Q

What are contraindications for renal biopsy?

A

Coagulopathies, hypertension, chronic hydronephrosis

30
Q

What are the renal biopsy approaches?

A

Percutaneous, ultrasound guided, keyhole, laproscopic and wedge/incisional

31
Q

What is the most common method of renal biopsy?

A

U/S guided

32
Q

When is a renal transplant indicated?

A

irreversible acute renal failure
decompensated chronic renal failure
polysystic dz

33
Q

WHat does the minimum PCV have to be for a renal transplant-if under minimum what must be done?

A

30%

Blood transfusion or EPO injection

34
Q

What is the number one complication of renal transplants?

A

Acute rejection

35
Q

What is the closing procedure of a nephrolithotomy if the sutureless technique fails?

A

If adequate hemostasis is not achieved, or if urine
leakage is a concern, place absorbable sutures through the cortex in a horizontal mattress fashion. Then close the capsule with a continuous suture pattern.

SA Sx (22 decks)

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