Cervical Cancer Flashcards
Common type of cervical cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
What is dyskariosis?
Abnormal cytologic changes of squamous epithelial cells - hyperchromatic nuclei
What is a koliocyte?
Squamous epithelial cell that has undergone a number of structural changes which occur as a result of HPV infection
Nuclear enlargement
Hyperchromasia
Clean area around nucleus- perinuclear halo
Smear classifications
Negative Low grade Mild, moderate, severe dyskariosis Invasive carcinoma Glandular neoplasm
What is the transformation zone?
Area where squamous epithelium changes into glandular epithelium
HPV transmission
HPV penetrates through basal keratinocytes via sexual contact
DNA infects nucleus and reproduces and then is released as full virus
If it integrates E6 and E7 proteins produced - transform cell
Effect of oncoproteins
E6 - ubiquitinates p53, proteosomal degradation
E7 - competed for pRB binding - pushes cell cycle forwards
What is the effect of E5
Prevents apoptosis
Liquid based cytology
Sample cervix
Place in liquid medium which will disperse cells in fluid and get rid of other unnecessary cells
An aliquot is taken for processing
Cells are separated and deposited in thin slide to view
Advantages of LBC?
All material collected is available for analysis Multiple samples cam be prepared Clearer view of epithelial cells Preparation takes less time to screen Samples suitable for other tests
Disadvantages of LBC?
Abnormal cells dispersed
More expensive
Smear pattens altered due to randomization
Badly prepoer ones are hard to interpret
How is HPV currently screened?
PCR based tests
