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Science > 3 > Flashcards

3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The process in which organ systems work to maintain a stable internal environment.

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2
Q

What does the body do to remove carbon dioxide faster from the body?

A

A high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood sugars. Breathing. The Longs exile more frequently, which removes carbon dioxide more quickly.

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3
Q

What does the excretory system do? to prevent too much water from leaving the body

A

The kidneys make more concentrated urine, so less water is lost from the body

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4
Q

What is insulin?

A

Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb sugar from the blood.

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5
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process of breaking apart ingested food into chemically simpler forms that can be easily absorbed and a assimilated into the body.

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6
Q

Name the six nutrients.

A 
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins
Fats
Water
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7
Q

Name proteins building blocks and function.

A

The building blocks or amino acid’s and the function is building blocks for cells, and for growth and repair of the body

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8
Q

What is carbohydrates building blocks and function?

A

The building blocks are simple sugars, glucose, multose, sucrose and the function is that it provides energy that the body needs to think, work and grow.

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9
Q

What is The building blocks of fats and what is the function of fats?

A

Fatty acids and glycerol.

Fats provide energy and excess energy will be stored in the body and protects internal organs.

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10
Q

What is the building blocks of minerals and the function?

A

Natural in organic substances which are needed for building certain body tissues.
Calcium hardens teeth and bones
Iron formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells
Sodium like salt foods like salt are suitable for health and vital for a healthy life.

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11
Q

What is the building blocks of vitamins?

A

Organic compounds required in small amounts to maintain health

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12
Q

What is the function of vitamin A and E?

A

Keeps skin healthy and better vision at night and prevent infections

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13
Q

What is the function of vitamin B?

A

Produce red blood cells and keeps nervous system healthy

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14
Q

What is the function of vitamin C?

A

Heal wounds, keeps skin and gums healthy.

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15
Q

Vitamin D?

A

Build strong bones and absorb calcium from food. Exposure to sunlight causes the body to produce vitamin D. Some people may need extra vitamin D, including people living in northern climates or who do not spend much time outdoors in the sunshine.

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16
Q

What is the function of water?

A

The medium in which many chemicals are dissolved

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17
Q

What is the difference between the alimentary canal and the accessory digestive organs?

A

The alimentary canal is the digestive track all the gastrointestinal tract which needs to be there when digestion takes place when the accessory digestive organs aid digestion physically and produce secretions that break down food stuff in the G.I. tract.

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18
Q

Name examples of accessory digestive organs?

A 
Teeth
Tongue
Gallbladder
Salivary glands
Liver
Pancreas
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19
Q

What is the examples of the elimentary canal?

A 
Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
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20
Q

What is the digestive process?

A
  1. Ingestion: food into mouth
  2. Propulsion: moves food through the alimentary canal and includes both swallowing and peristalsis.
  3. Mechanical digestion: is a physical process of preparing the food for chemical digestion involves chewing, mixing, churning and segmentation.
  4. Chemical digestion: A series of catabolic steps in which complex food molecules are broken down to the chemical building blocks by Enzymes.
  5. Absorption: The passage of digestion and products from the lumen of the G.I. tract through the mucosal cells into the blood or lymph.
  6. Defecation: Illuminates ingestible substances from the body via the anus as faeces.
21
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Catalysts in bio chemical reactions. Certain enzymes help in the chemical breakdown of food and are called digestive enzymes.

22
Q

Where is the enzyme amylase made, where does it work and which reaction does it speed up?

A

It is made in the salivary glands.
The pancreas.
And the intestine.

It works in the mouth
Small intestine

It breaks down starch into simple sugars.

23
Q

Where is the enzyme pepsin made, where does it work and which reaction does it speed up?

A

Made in the stomach

Works in the stomach

Breaks down proteins into amino acids.

24
Q

Where is the enzyme tripsyn made, where does it work and which reaction does it speed up?

A

It is made in the pancreas and intestine wall.

It works in the small intestine.

It breaks down proteins into amino acids

25
Q

Where is the enzyme lipase made, where does it work and which reaction does it speed up?

A

It is made in the pancreas and small intestine.

It works in the small intestine.

It breaks down fat to fatty acids and glycerol.

26
Q

Name shortly what the digestive track is.

A 
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small intestine:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Large intestine:
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus
27
Q

What is the mouth?

A

The first part of the digestive system, which food enters the body. Chewing and salivary enzymes in the mouth are the beginning of the digestive process.

28
Q

What are the fault in the mouth and name shortly what they do?

A

The teeth and tongue: The mechanical process of breakdown of food. The taste in the mouth insures the secretion of saliva.

Salivary glands: glands located in the mouth that produce saliva. Saliva contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates into smaller molecules( amylase )

29
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

The flap of the back of the tongue that keeps chewed food from going down the wind pipe to the lungs. When you swallow, the epiglottis automatically closes. When you breathe, the epiglottis open so that air can go in and out of the windpipe.

30
Q

What happens in the esophagus?

A

It uses rhythmic muscle movements to force food from the throat to the stomach no digestion takes place in the oesophagus.
This is called peristalsis.

Peristalsis is involuntary that you cannot control. It allows you to eat and drink upside down. Vomiting is called reverse peristalsis.

31
Q

What is the stomach?

A

I sack like muscular organ that is attached to the esophagus. Both chemical and mechanical digestion takes place in the stomach. When food enters the stomach, it is churned in a birth of acids and enzymes.

32
Q

Name the juices and other factors that you find in the stomach and explain each shortly.

A

Gastric juice: clients in the stomach wall secrete a digestive liquid called gastric juice.

Hydrochloric acid: and enzyme called pepsin act on your food, destroying bacteria and breaking down proteins into amino acids.

Mucus: protects the lining of your stomach from being damaged by acids.

Chyme: food in the stomach that is Fordlea digested and mixed with stomach acids. It stays in your stomach for three hours before he passes to the first of the small intestine for further digestion.

33
Q

What is the liver and what is its function?

A

A large organ located above and in front of the stomach. It filters toxins from the blood, and produces bile which breaks down fat and some blood proteins

34
Q

What is bile and what is its function?

A

The digestive chemical that is produced in the liver.

Stored in the gallbladder which is a saclike organ located by the duodenum.

It is secreted into the small intestine to break down fats

35
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

The first part of the small intestine; It is C shaped and runs from the stomach to the jejunum.

36
Q

What is the pancreas and what is its function?

A

It is an enzyme producing gland.
It produces about 1 L of strong digestive juices each day.
It produces Amylase, lipase and trypsin.

37
Q

What is the jejunum?

A

The long, coil mid section of the small intestine; it is between the duodenum and the ileum.

38
Q

What is chyle?

A

The liquid containing the final products of digestion. It is from this liquid that absorption of nutrients takes place.

39
Q

What is the ileum and its function?

A

It is the last part of the small intestine before the large intestine begins.

It is covered in tiny vessels known as capillaries and the nutrients for us from the ileum into the bloodstream.
Good blood first flow to the liver to remove any toxic substances.

40
Q

What is the cecum?

A

First part of the large intestine; the appendix is connected to the cecum.

41
Q

What is the appendix?

A

A small sack located on the cecum.

42
Q

Name the four parts of the colon.

A

Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon

43
Q

Where is all the nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream?

A

In the small intestine.

44
Q

What is leftovers in the body?

A

Indigested food, fiber and bacteria.

45
Q

What is the only thing that is it absorbed into the bloodstream from the large intestine?

A

Water

46
Q

How is waste removed?

A

Westies moved towards the rectum, stored as feaces and then get excreted.

47
Q

What is the rectum?

A

The lower part of the lodge into Stein, where faeces are stored before they are excreted.

48
Q

What is the anus?

A

The opening at the end of the digestive system from which feaces exits the body.

Science (8 decks)

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