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Physics > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

what are the steps of the scientific method?

A 
ask a question
research
hypothesis
experiment
analize
conclusion
publish
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2
Q

the 4 branches of physics

A

optics
thermodynamics
classical physics
electrodynamics

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3
Q

vector and scalar

A

vector has magnitude and direction and a scalar has only magnitude

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4
Q

the 3 laws of motion

A

inertia: tendency to keep moving
every action has an opposite reaction

force=mass times acceleration

every action has an equal an opposite reaction

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5
Q

what is equilibrium

A

when the net force is 0

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6
Q

what is a force and what units do we use?

A

when an object has an acceleration

newtons

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7
Q

how do we calculate the weight of an object

A

mass times gravity (-9.8)

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8
Q

what are the simple machines and how do we add more mecganical advantge

A 
lever-add length
inclined plane-more inclined
pulley- more ropes
wedge-more sharp 
wheel and axle-make the axle small or the wheel bigger
screw-more spirals
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9
Q

what is the difference between IMA and MA

A

IMA is the ideal or perfect mechanical advantage that a machine should have

MA the real advantage that the machine has

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10
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

is the energy of an object moving

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11
Q

what is kinetic friction

A

a force that stops you when you are moving

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12
Q

what is potential energy

A

energy that is stored when you have hight

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13
Q

what is static friction

A

a force that opposses the initial movement of an object

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14
Q

what is specific heat and what is water´s specific heat

A

the amount of energy needed to raise 1 degree of temperature
4180j/kg.k

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15
Q

what are the laws of thermodynamics

A

energy cant be created or destroyed only transform

everything in chaos tend to chaos

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16
Q

what is boiling point and freezing point of an object

A

boiling: the temperature when a liquid staart transforming into a gas
freezing: the temperature in which a liquid turns into a solid

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17
Q

what is electricty

A

flow of charges through matter

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18
Q

what is heat of evaporation

A

the energy needed to transform a liquid into a gas

19
Q

what is heat of fusion

A

energy needed to melt something

20
Q

what is heat engine

A

is a device that turns thermal energy into kinetic or energy

21
Q

the energy transfered between 2 things is

A

heat

22
Q

in which ways can energy be transfered

A

conduction :contact

convection: fluid between them
radiation: on waves

23
Q

what is entropy

A

the measurement of chaos

24
Q

what are the three basic particles and which are they charge

A

electrons- negative
neutrons- no charge
protons- positive

25
Q

what is static electricity

A

the forces that interact with charge that arent moving

26
Q

which are the different types of magnets

A

permanent-it always create a magnetic force field
electrically induced: only creates a magnetic force field when ekectricity is applied
ferromagnet:a metal that can act like a magnet

27
Q

how can you produce electromagnetism

A

when current passes through a conductor

28
Q

Explain the right thumb rule

A

Using your right hand you can know the direction of the force field by pointing your thumb towards the current and your other fingers point to the force field

29
Q

What are the two poles in a magnet

A

North and south

30
Q

How does a surface wave move?

A

In circular motion

31
Q

Which type of waves deform matter in order to exist

A

Mechanical wave

32
Q

Electromagnetic waves

A

waves that travels through force fields

33
Q

What its the speed of sound at room temperature and through air

A

343m/s

34
Q

How can you find x?

A

V/f

35
Q

What wavelengths can we see?

A

400-700nm

36
Q

What frequencies can we hear?

A

20-20,000hz

37
Q

What type of wave is light

A

Electromagnetic wave

38
Q

What happened to light when it hits an obstacle

A

It could be
Reflected
Absorbed,
Transmitted

39
Q

Opaque

A

Objects that absorb light, not transmitted

40
Q

Translucent

A

Transmit and reflect light but do not allow objects to see clearly through them

41
Q

Transparent

A

Transmit most of the light that reaches it

42
Q

Parts of a transverse wave

A 
Crest: Highest point
Trough:lowest point 
Rest: the equilibrium 
Amplitude: distance to crest to rest
Wavelength: distance from crest to crest
43
Q

Parts of a longitudinal wave

A

Compression: where it’s more compress
Rarefaction: where it’s spreads
Wavelength: distance from compression to compression

44
Q

Name 8 forces

A

Net force: equilibrium 0
Drag force: a resistance
Normal force: opposite force that is always perpendicular
Static force: opposes the initial movement
Kinetic friction: a force that stops you when you move
Weight
Buoyancy: a force that make float an object in water
Friction: is a force that opposes movement

Physics (5 decks)

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