7-2 Copy of Study Guide US History 2024-2025 (1)

Question 1

What are the three types of colonies mentioned?

Answer 1

• Charter Colony
• Royal Colony
• Proprietary Colony

Question 2

What are cash crops?

Answer 2

Products grown mostly for sale/profit, not for local/subsistence needs

Examples include tobacco, rice, indigo, and cotton.

Question 3

What was the significance of the Proclamation Line of 1763?

Answer 3

Limited colonial growth to east of the Appalachian Mountains to avoid Native conflicts

Question 4

What were the main motivations for the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 4

• To separate from Britain
• Taxation without representation
• Freedom from British tyranny

Question 5

What are the components of the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 5

• Preamble
• Declaration of Natural Rights
• List of Grievances
• Conclusion formally declaring independence

Question 6

What were the strengths of the Articles of Confederation?

Answer 6

• NW Ordinance banning slavery trade
• Equal representation in central government (1 vote/state)
• Contained a central government

Question 7

What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Answer 7

• No executive or judicial power
• No ability to tax without vote
• Unable to prevent uprisings/revolts

Question 8

What was Shays’ Rebellion?

Answer 8

A rebellion by farmers in Massachusetts against high taxes, highlighting the need for a stronger central government

Question 9

What was the purpose of the Constitutional Convention?

Answer 9

To discuss editing the Articles of Confederation or creating a new document

Question 10

What is Federalism?

Answer 10

A system where power is divided between the (very strong) national and state governments.

Question 11

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Answer 11

Slaves counted as ⅗ of a person for voting purposes, reflecting a compromise between northern and southern states

Question 12

What is the Bill of Rights?

Answer 12

The first 10 amendments added to the Constitution, outlining basic rights for all Americans

Question 13

Who were the Federalists?

Answer 13

Advocates for the Constitution, favoring a strong central government

Notable figures include John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison.

Question 14

Who were the Democratic-Republicans?

Answer 14

opposed the Federalists, such as Alexander Hamilton’s interpretation of the Constitution and how the government should run. While the Federalists wanted a strong centralized government, the Democratic-Republicans felt that the states should have more control.

Question 15

What was the Louisiana Purchase?

Answer 15

The 1803 acquisition of territory from France that doubled the size of the United States

Question 16

What was the Cotton Gin and who invented it?

Answer 16

An invention by Eli Whitney that simplified the process of separating cotton fibers, impacting slavery and agriculture

Question 17

What was the Missouri Compromise (1820)?

Answer 17

An agreement to maintain balance between free and slave states when Missouri was admitted to the Union

Question 18

What was the relationship between English settlers and indigenous peoples initially?

Answer 18

Friendly at first, with mutual teaching, but tensions rose as settlers expanded

Question 19

What did the Intolerable Acts aim to do?

Answer 19

Punish colonists for the Boston Tea Party by appointing a new governor and removing Massachusetts’ charter

Question 20

Fill in the blank: Colonists reacted to the Stamp Act by _______.

Answer 20

protesting and boycotting British goods

Question 21

True or False: The Articles of Confederation allowed for a strong central government.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What was the Missouri Compromise?

Answer 22

An agreement to maintain the balance between free and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state

It created a line on the map to separate slave and free states.

Question 23

Why was the Missouri Compromise important?

Answer 23

It delayed conflict between North and South, raising tensions over time, eventually leading to the Civil War.

Question 24

What is popular sovereignty?

Answer 24

The idea that the power of a country resides with the people, with governance based on their consent.

Question 25

What was the abolitionist movement?

Answer 25

A social and political movement aimed at ending slavery.

Question 26

How did the spread of cotton relate to the spread of slavery in 19th century America?

Answer 26

Cotton production required extensive labor, primarily provided by enslaved people.

Question 27

What are some ways enslaved people resisted their enslavement?

Answer 27

* Slowed down work purposefully * Caused occasional uprisings * Broke machines * Ran away from plantations * Sabotaged plantations * Used the Underground Railroad * Preserved spiritual beliefs through singing

Question 28

How were African Americans treated in the North?

Answer 28

They faced discrimination and significant challenges in employment, housing, and political availability.

Question 29

What were the Reconstruction Amendments?

Answer 29

Amendments aimed at establishing rights after the Civil War: * 13: abolished slavery * 14: granted citizenship and equal protection * 15: granted equal voting rights regardless of race or gender.

Question 30

What is sharecropping?

Answer 30

A system where freed individuals worked land as unskilled laborers, often paying significant wages to landowners.

Question 31

What was the ruling in Dred Scott v. Sanford?

Answer 31

The Supreme Court ruled that black people were not citizens and thus had no rights under the Constitution.

Question 32

What did Plessy v. Ferguson establish?

Answer 32

The doctrine of 'separate but equal' regarding racial segregation.

Question 33

What are Jim Crow Laws?

Answer 33

Laws enforcing racial segregation in schools, public places, and other societal aspects.

Question 34

What was the significance of Brown v. Board of Education?

Answer 34

It ended segregation in public schools, ruling that 'separate but equal' was inherently unequal.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The Declaration of Independence asserts that all men are created _______.

Answer 35

equal.

Question 36

What does the Constitution state about the right to a speedy trial?

Answer 36

The accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury.

Question 37

True or False: The 15th Amendment explicitly includes women in the right to vote.

Answer 37

False.

Question 38

What was the significance of the Declaration of Sentiments signed at Seneca Falls?

Answer 38

It called for the end of discrimination against women in all spheres of society.

Question 39

What does the term 'mass incarceration' refer to?

Answer 39

The overrepresentation of people of color in prisons.

Question 40

what are the articles of confederation?

Answer 40

The first constitution that explained how our government should be run. It gave more power to the states than to the federal government. It wanted a weak centralized federal government.