7-8-9 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Maintenance rehearsal
repeating something over and over, little to no encoding, poor memory later on
Elaborative Rehearsal
creating connections to other information, better memory result
Standard model of consolidation
proposes that memory retrieval depends on the hippocampus during consolidation
Reconsolidation
process serves to restabilize a memory that had been destabilized through memory retrieval
Memory Reconstruction
Idea that what people report as memories based on what actually happened PLUS additional factors such as expectations, and others
Consolidation
process that transforms new memories into a state in which they are more resistant to disruption
Synaptic Consolidation
A process of consolidation that involves structural changes at synapses that happen rapidly over a period of minutes
Systems consolidation
process that involves the gradual reorganization of circuits with brain regions and takes place on long time scale
Long-term potentiation
increased firing that occurs in a neuron because of past activity at the synapse
Illusory truth effect
enhanced probability of evaluating a statement as being true upon repeated presentation
Accessibility
information may be present in the memory system but not accessible in at the moment for retrieval
Retrivieal Tests
○ Free recall: “what do you remember from the word list (involves explicit memory, requires effort to generate responses)
○ Cued recall: what fruits do you remember from the word list
(involves cues to help access memory)
○ Recognition: “was apple on the list, yes/no”
(relies on familiarity and implicit memory to recognize information)
Encoding Specificity
matching the context in which encoding and retrieval occur, best when context at encoding matches the context at retrieval
State Dependent Learning
matching the internal mood present during encoding and retrieval).. (e.g happy vs sad, tired vs awake
State dependent Learning
matching the internal mood present during encoding and retrieval).. (e.g happy vs sad, tired vs awake)
Transfer Appropriate Processing
Matching task to involved in encoding and retrieval
Definitional Approach to Categorization
decide whether something is a member of a category if it meets the definition of the category
Prototype approach
idea that we decide whether something is a member of a category by determining whether it is similar to a standard of reperesentation (think scale how much it is like that representation) (the game with the wheel)
Examplar Approach
categorization in which members of category are judged against exemplars or category (of past experience)
Hierarchical organization
organization of categories in which more general categories get divided into smaller, more specific categories
1) superordinate (furniture, clothing)
2) Basic level—people tend to label
3) specific level (kitchen table, jeans)
Mental Imagery
experiencing a sensory impression in the absence of sensory input
Pegword Technique
technique for remembering that links the things to be remembered to specific words
Method of loci
a method for remembering things in which the things to be remembered are placed at different locations in a mental image of a spatial layout
Unilateral neglect
a problem caused by brain damage, usually to the right parietal lobe, in which the patient ignores objects in the left half of his or her visual field
