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Immunology > 7. Acquired immunity B and T cell development and Ag recognition > Flashcards

7. Acquired immunity B and T cell development and Ag recognition Flashcards

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1
Q

common precursor of lymphocytes

A
  1. multipotential haemopoetic stem cell (haemocytoblast)
  2. common lymphoid progenitor
  3. small lymphocyte
  4. B cell and T cell
  5. plasma cell from B cell
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2
Q

what stimulates the differentiation of the haemocytoblast into the common lymphoid progenitor?

A

IL- 7

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3
Q

what stimulates the differentiation of common lymphoid progenitor into small lymphocyte?

A

IL-7

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4
Q

what stimulates small lymphocyte into B cell?

A

IL-4

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5
Q

what stimulates small lymphocyte into T cell?

A

IL-7 and IL-2

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6
Q

what occurs in SCID?

A

T/B cells cannot be produced - immunodeficiency

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7
Q

what mutation causes SCID?

A

Mutations in IL-7

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8
Q

where does the development of lymphocytes occur?

A

bone marrow

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9
Q

Describe B cell receptor

A

antibody embedded in cell membrane

Ig alpha and Ig beta - has ITAM tail

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10
Q

Describe T cell receptor

A

Membrane bound alpha and beta
CD3
ITAM tails

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11
Q

what does a T cell receptor recognise

A

Ag presented by MHC

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12
Q

How do B cells recognise Ag?

A

on microbe themselves

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13
Q

how do Th cells recognise Ag?

A

Ag presented by APC

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14
Q

how do Th cells recognise Ag?

A

Infected cells presenting Ag

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15
Q

general effector functions of B cell - 3

A

complement, inflammation, phagocytosis

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16
Q

general effecter functions of Th cels

A

releases cytokines - activate macrophage, inflammation and activation of T/b cells

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17
Q

which 2 cells have the general effector function of killing cells?

A

Tc cell and NK cell

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18
Q

effector function of Regulatory T cell

A

suppression of immune system

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19
Q

where do B cells mature?

A

Bone marrow

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20
Q

where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

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21
Q

describe maturation process of T cells

A
  1. bone marrow
  2. migrate to thymus
  3. enter thymus cortex as thymocytes
  4. travel down into medulla thymus
  5. recieve maturation signals by macrophages, dendritic and epithelial cells
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22
Q

B cell 2nd LT

A

spleen, mucosal tissues

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23
Q

T cell 2nd LT

A

spleen, mucosal tissues, lymph nodes

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24
Q

how to B/T cells enter/leave lymph nodes

Study These Flashcards
A

enter - afferent vessels

leave - efferent vessels

25
difference between antigen dependent and independent phases of development?
independent - primary LT circulating lymphocytes to detect Ag Dependent - Secondary LT after Ag stimulation - produces effector and memory cells
26
which types of Ag do B cells recognise?
intracelullar - bacteria, fungi, protozoa etc
27
what is an epitope?
region of antigen specifically recognised by an Ab binding site (paratope)
28
what is a linear epitope?
AA sequence
29
what is a 3D epitope?
AA chain wrapped around itself - only exposed AA are recognised
30
what is a hapten?
small organic molecule which is too small to be recognised by the immune system
31
when are haptens dangerous?
when they bind to our cells - cause autoimmune response
32
which secondary LT do Ag in tissue travel to?
Local lymph nodes
33
which secondary LT do Ag in blood travel to?
spleen
34
which secondary LT do Ag in gut travel to?
Peyer's patches
35
what cells transport Ag to secondary LT?
dendritic
36
3 types of APC
B cell, dendritic , macrophage
37
which ag does each APC recognise?
B cell = microbial toxin dendritic = viral Macrophage = bacterial
38
which APC is present in thymus cortex?
dendritic
39
Which MHC complex does Tc cells recognise?
MHC I
40
Which MHC complex does Th cells recognise?
MHC II
41
what causes swollen lymph nodes?
increased migration of lymphocytes to secondary LT as a result of infection
42
2 types of effector T cells
Th and Tc
43
cells which express CD4+
Th
44
cells which express CD8+
Tc
45
function of Th (4)
- release cytokines - activate phagocytosis - activate tc - promote Ab production
46
function of Tc
directly kill cells harbouring microbes
47
specific name of cytokines which Th release
Interleukin's
48
where does the activation of Th occur?
peripheral LT
49
describe the 3 interactions between the Th cell and the dendritic cell
1. CD4+ and MHC II 2. CD28 and B7 3. Cytokines; IL-12
50
what occurs after the Th cell is activated?
1. migrates to site of infection 2. released IFN-gamma 3. attracts and attaches to macrophage 4. IFN-y attaches to IFN receptor 5. CD40 ligand attaches to CD40
51
2 ways a Tc kills cells?
1. perforin | 2. fas ligand
52
what 2 cells circulate in the circulating T cell pool
1. Thymus-derived naive T cells | 2. memory cells
53
describe composition of circulating T cell pool in babies
more naive cells than memory cells as not been exposed to many memory cells
54
describe composition of circulating T cell pool in adults
more memory cells than naive cell - less effective at responding to new pathogens
55
2 types of self tolerence
central and peripheral
56
where does central tolerance occur
thymus
57
where does peripheral tolerance occur
secondary LT
58
describe process of central tolerance
1. naive cells enter thymus 2. cells exposed to self-Ag 3. if cells respond - clonal deletion - apoptosis
59
describe process of peripheral tolerance
1. regulatory T cell recognise cells which attack self-Ag | 2. RTC send out cytokines to attract Tc cells to action against them

Immunology (11 decks)

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