7. Glucose Metabolism Flashcards
(33 cards)
Define catabolism
Breakdown of complex molecules
Exergonic
Define anabolism
Building of complex molecules
How do cells take up energy from their environment?
Diet
How do cells synthesise other macromolecules?
Energy from diet
4 types of carbohydrates from the diet
Starch - Glycogen - Lactose - Sucrose
Which pathway is used to metabolise glucose?
Glycolysis
What is the fate of majority of glucose molecules?
Used to form ATP
What is the natural level of glucose in the blood?
90mg/100ml
What condition affects BG levels?
Diabetes
State 4 fates of glucose
Amino Acid Synthesis
Glycogen Synthesis
Triglyceride Synthesis
ATP Synthesis
What are the 3 fates of nutrients?
Store, serve and supply
How long is the lifespan for each ATP molecule?
Roughly 1 minute
What GLUT transporters are used by most tissues?
GLUT-1. Not affected by insulin and has a low kM.
What cells use GLUT-2?
Hepatocytes
When can glucose not interact with GLUTs?
When entering the cell where they are phosphorylated
Which tissues use GLUT-4?
Muscle cells and adipocytes
Why and where is GLUT-4 inserted?
In response to insulin, in the plasma membrane
How many steps in glycolysis?
10
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytosol
What is the purpose of glycolysis?
Generate energy
Summarise glycolysis
6C compound into 2x 3C compounds
How many ATP’s are invested into glycolysis?
2
How many ATP’s are generated in glycolysis?
4
When is NADH/H generated and how many?
Step 6, 2 molecules
