7: Gram Positive Bacteria

Question 1

What does it mean to be catalase and coagulase positive?

Answer 1

Catalase: can break down H2O2
Coagulase: can break down fibrin clots

Question 2

Name some proteins that staph aureus utilizes?

Answer 2

Hemolysins, leukocidins, penicillinase, protein A, hyaluronidase, staphylokinase, lipase

Question 3

MRSA stands for?

Answer 3

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

Question 4

What type of exotoxin causes scarlet fever?

Answer 4

Pyrogenic exotoxin - only seen in strains of strep pyogenes that produce the toxin

Question 5

Confirmatory test for both post-strep glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever

Answer 5

Abs to streptolysin O and DNase B

Question 6

Three major organisms that cause neonatal meningitis

Answer 6

1. Strep agalactiae
2. Listeria monocytogenes
3. E. Coli

Question 7

Quellung reaction

Answer 7

Causes capsules of strep pneumoniae to swell up

Question 8

Bacteria that is optochin sensitive

Answer 8

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 9

Most common cause of community acquired PNA

Answer 9

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 10

Predominant cell type in bacterial vs viral meningitis

Answer 10

Bacterial: neutrophils
Viral: lymphocytes

Question 11

Three most common causes of otitis media

Answer 11

1. Strep pneumoniae
2. Haemophilus influenzae
3. Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 12

What type of bacteria are most troublesome in Asplenic/hyposplenic patients? What are the three main ones?

Answer 12

Encapsulated bacteria:

1. Strep pneumoniae
2. Haemophilus influenzae
3. Neisseria meningitis

Question 13

HÁČEK organisms

Answer 13

Five bacteria that are common mouth colonizers

Question 14

Heat stabile vs heat labile toxins in bacillus cereus

Answer 14

Heat stabile form: more heat resistant, is typically not neutralized when reheating food

Question 15

Is anthrax a death sentence?

Answer 15

No, is highly treatable now

Question 16

Are clostridium aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 16

Anaerobic

Question 17

DTAP vaccine

Answer 17

Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis

Question 18

What bacteria causes “gas gangrene”?

Answer 18

Clostridium perfringens

Question 19

An agar and medium commonly used to ID corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 19

Tellurite agar and Loeffler’s medium

Question 20

Former name of Rhodococcus equi

Answer 20

Corynebacterium equi

Question 21

Why should pregnant women avoid deli meats and soft cheeses?

Answer 21

Are 10x more likely to get listeria infections than non-pregnant individuals

Question 22

Difference in ingestion for adult botulism and infantile botulism

Answer 22

Adult: ingestion of pre-formed toxins from bacteria in an anaerobic environment
Babies: ingestion of spores from honey, that can more easily flourish in bb’s GI tract whereas adults GI tract can defend against the spores