7. Human Nutrition (Continued)

Question 1

alimentary canal order

Answer 1

mouth, oesophagus,
stomach, small intestine (duodenum and
ileum) and large intestine (colon, rectum,
anus)

Question 2

what is ingestion

Answer 2

taking in of substances

Question 3

what is digestion

Answer 3

breakdown of food

Question 4

what is absorption

Answer 4

the movement of nutrients from

the intestines into the blood

Question 5

what is assimilation

Answer 5

uptake and use of nutrients by

cells

Question 6

egestion

Answer 6

the removal of undigested food

from the body as faeces

Question 7

what are the two types of digestion

Answer 7

mechanical and chemical

Question 8

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 8

breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small insoluble food molecules

Question 9

what does physical digestion do in relation to surface area

Answer 9

physical digestion increases the
surface area of food for the action of enzymes in
chemical digestion

Question 10

shape and function of incisors

Answer 10

chisel-shapes to cut food

Question 11

shape and function of canines

Answer 11

pointed to tear food

Question 12

shape and function of premolars

Answer 12

grind and mash food

Question 13

shape and function of molars

Answer 13

uneven cusps to chew food

Question 14

shape of enamel

Answer 14

hardest tissue made from calcium salts

Question 15

shape of dentine

Answer 15

major part. hard, bone-like contains living cells

Question 16

shape of pulp cavity

Answer 16

red central space containing blood vessels and nerves

Question 17

shape of gum

Answer 17

soft tissue surrounding bone

Question 18

shape of cement

Answer 18

helps attach root to jaw

Question 19

shape of crown

Answer 19

visible portion above the gum

Question 20

shape of neck

Answer 20

layer between crown and root

Question 21

shape of root

Answer 21

layer lying below gum

Question 22

what does bili do

Answer 22

increase surface area for chemical digestion

Question 23

what is chemical digestion

Answer 23

break down
of large insoluble molecules into small soluble
molecules

Question 24

what does amylase do

Answer 24

breaks down starch to maltose

Question 25

what does protease do

Answer 25

break down protein to amino acids

Question 26

what does lipase do

Answer 26

breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol | and glycerol

Question 27

what does pepsin do

Answer 27

breaks down protein in the acidic conditions of the stomach | conditions of the stomach

Question 28

what does trypsin do

Answer 28

breaks down protein in the alkaline conditions of small intestine | conditions of the small intestine

Question 29

where are nutrients absorbed

Answer 29

samll intestine

Question 30

what does maltase do

Answer 30

maltase breaks down maltose to glucose on the membranes of the epithelium lining the small intestine

Question 31

where is amylase secreted

Answer 31

salivary glands pancreas

Question 32

where does amylase act

Answer 32

mouth small intestine

Question 33

where is protease secreted

Answer 33

stomach small intestine

Question 34

where does protease act

Answer 34

stomach small intestine

Question 35

where is lipase secreted

Answer 35

pancreas

Question 36

where does lipase act

Answer 36

small intestine

Question 37

where is pepsin secreted

Answer 37

stomach

Question 38

where does pepsin act

Answer 38

stomach

Question 39

where does trypsin act

Answer 39

small intestine

Question 40

where is trypsin secreted

Answer 40

pancreas

Question 41

what is gastric juice and what does it contain

Answer 41

Gastric juice is a mixture secreted in the stomach. It contains hydrochloric acid

Question 42

function of gastric juice

Answer 42

- It provides an acid pH needed for the enzymes there to work. - It kills bacteria in food.

Question 43

what is bile

Answer 43

alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for enzyme action

Question 44

what is the region where nutrients are absorbed

Answer 44

small intestine

Question 45

where is water absorbed from

Answer 45

small intestine, but some is also absorbed from the colon

Question 46

significance of villi and microvilli

Answer 46

further increase the surface area of the small intestine, so that digested food molecules and water can be absorbed rapidly into the bloodstream

Question 47

in a villi, what are the blood capillaries wrapped around in? what is this structure responsible for?

Answer 47

lacteal - absorption of fats into the lymphatic system

Question 48

labelled diagram of villi

Answer 48

Question 49

essa ta sem pergunta

Answer 49

te amo mwuah