7. INSTALLATION AND ESTABLISHMENT WORKBOOK

Question 1

What are the four forms in which trees are generally available from a nursery?

Answer 1

Bare-root, Containerized, Container-grown, Balled & burlapped

Different forms can affect planting techniques and success rates.

Question 2

When should bare-root trees be planted?

Answer 2

When they are dormant, before buds begin to grow.

Question 3

What type of roots can become a problem by constricting the vascular system in the trunk or other roots?

Answer 3

Girdling roots

Question 4

How wide should planting holes be dug?

Answer 4

as saucer-shaped planting hole 2 to 3 times the width of the root ball at the surface.

Question 5

What material is often used to wrap trees dug in a nursery to keep the root ball intact?

Answer 5

Burlap

Question 6

How deep should the planting hole be?

Answer 6

Never deeper than the root ball.

Question 7

True or False: Planting a tree too deeply can stress, drown, or suffocate roots and allow soilborne pathogens to enter.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Research shows that soil amendments in the planting hole generally do not promote what?

Answer 8

Establishment and growth

Question 9

What percentage of absorbing roots can be lost when digging a tree for transplanting?

Answer 9

Up to 90%

Question 10

When is the best time to transplant most trees?

Answer 10

Early spring and autumn

Question 11

True or False: When a tree is dug for transplanting, the size of the root ball is usually based on tree caliper.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

True or False: Wire baskets should never be removed when planting trees.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

True or False: Adding fill to the bottom of a planting hole can cause the root ball to sink deeper than intended.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is it called when you dig around a tree to create a denser root system before transplanting, the digging process severs existing roots and stimulates root regeneration.

Answer 14

Root pruning

Question 15

True or False: Staking newly planted trees is not always necessary.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What are three adverse effects of staking or guying trees?

Answer 16

Less trunk taper, Smaller root systems, Subject to breaking

Question 17

What characteristics should the material used to attach a tree to a stake have?

Answer 17

Broad, smooth, and flexible

Question 18

What are the optimal conditions for new root growth?

Answer 18

Warm soil temperatures and adequate moisture

Question 19

What part of a palm tree is protected by tying up the fronds during transplanting?

Answer 19

The apical meristem

Question 20

What is the main cause of transplant shock?

Answer 20

Water stress

Question 21

What type of fertilizer should be applied at planting?

Answer 21

Slow-release fertilizer to avoid salt buildup.

Question 22

True or False: Pruning one-third of a tree’s crown at planting helps compensate for root loss.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What is the most important maintenance factor for newly planted trees?

Answer 23

Watering

Question 24

True or False: Tree roots may suffocate if they receive too much water after planting.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

When staking or guying a tree, is it always required?

Answer 25

No, it is not always required or necessary.

Question 26

When mulching a newly planted tree, what must be ensured?

Answer 26

The depth should not be excessive to prevent negative impacts on soil aeration.

Question 27

What should be done when planting a container-grown tree?

Answer 27

Slice or shave off outer roots if they are circling or matted.

Question 28

What is the most important reason to prune a tree when transplanting?

Answer 28

To remove damaged branches and improve structure.

Question 29

The soil found in containerised trees

Answer 29

Substrate ( growing medium)

Question 30

Slicing or shaving off the outer ___in of the root balls sides and bottom has been shown to be effective in promoting outward root growth after planting.

Answer 30

2.5 (1in)

Question 31

It is estimated that as much as __ % of the fine, absorbing roots can be lost in digging balled and burlaped trees.

Answer 31

90%

Question 32

The ANSI Standard for nursery stock

Answer 32

ANSI Z60.1

Question 33

The process that acclimates balled-and-burlapped trees to water stress when dug with foliage

Answer 33

Hardened off

Question 34

At least two primary roots must be located within __in to__in below the soil surface when planting.

Answer 34

1 to 3in

Question 35

In areas where the soil is dense clay, plant trees slightly shallower, with __ to __in of the root ball higher than the original grade.

Answer 35

2-3in

Question 36

The planting hole should never be deeper than?

Answer 36

The distance from the trunk flare to the bottom of the root ball.

Question 37

The main difference between containerized and container-grown trees lies in their production method: containerized trees are ______-_______ and then moved into containers, while container-grown trees are grown in containers from the start

Answer 37

field-grown