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zABSITE 2019 - high yield comprehensive > 7. Medicines and Pharm > Flashcards

7. Medicines and Pharm Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What drugs are bound by albumin

A

Warfarin and PCN are 90% bound

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2
Q

s/e of sulfonamide

A

Displace unconjugated bilirubin from albuin in newborns causing kernicterus

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3
Q

What drugs are stored in bone

A

Tetracycline

heavy metals

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4
Q

O order kinetics

A

Constant amount of drug is eliminated regardless of dose

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5
Q

1st order kinetics

A

drug eliminated proportional to dose

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6
Q

How long does it take a drug to reach steady state?

A

5 half lives

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7
Q

Volume of distribution

A

amount of drug in the body divided by amount of plasma/blood

- high VOD means high concentrations in vascular compartment (fatty tissue) compared to intravascular

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8
Q

Bioavailability

A

Fraction of unchanged drug reaching systemic circulation

  • 100% for IV
  • Oral usually less (PO cipro is 100%)
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9
Q

ED50

A

drug level at which desired effect occurs in 50%

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10
Q

LD50

A

drug level at which death occurs at 50%

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11
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

Tolerance after only a few doses

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12
Q

Phase 1 metabolism

A

Demethylation, redox, hydroxylation

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13
Q

Phase 2 metabolism

A

Glucuronic acid and sulfates attached to form water soluble metabolite

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14
Q

P450 inhibitors

A 
Cimetidine
Isoniazid
Ketoconazole
Erythromycin
Cipro
Flagyl
Allopurinol
Verapamil
Amiodarons
MAOi
Disulfuram
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15
Q

P450 inducers

A 
Cruciform vegetables
ETOH
Cigarette smoke
Phenobarb
Barbiturates
Dilantin
Theophylline
Warfarin
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16
Q

Colchicine

A

MOA: Binds tubulin and inhibits chemotaxis of WBC
Use: Acute gout attack

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17
Q

Indomethacin

A

MOA: NSAID, reversible cinhibitor, blocks uric aox inhibitor, inhibit PG synthesis
Use: Acute gout attack

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18
Q

Allopurinol

A

MOA: XO inhibits, inhibits UA production from xanthine
Use: Chronic gout

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19
Q

Probenecid

A

MOA: increases renal secretion of UA
Use: Chronic gout

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20
Q

Cholestyramine

A

MOA: binds bile acids in gut forcing body to resyntheize using cholesterol
Use: lipid-lowering agent
S/E: binds vit K causing bleeding

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21
Q

Statis

A

MOA: HMG coa reductase inhibitors
Use: lipid-lowering agent
S/e: Liver dysfunction, rhabdo

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22
Q

Niacin

A

MOA: inhibits CE syntheesis
Use: lipid-lowering
s/e: flushing (tx with ASA)

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23
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Reglan
MOA: inhibits dopamine receptors
Use: increase gastric/gut motbility

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24
Q

Erythromycin

Study These Flashcards
A

MOA: binds and activates motilin receptor
Use: increase gastric/gut mobility

25
Alvimopan
MOA: anatongist to mu-opinoid receptor Use: post op ileus
26
Loperamide
MOA: mu-receptor agonist Use: slows gut motility
27
Lomotil
Dephnoxylate/atropine MOA: opidoid receptor agonist Use: slows gut motility
28
Promethazine
Phenergan MOA: inhibitos dopamine receptors Use: anti-emetic s/e: TD (Tx w/ diphenhydramine)
29
Ondansetron
Zofran | MOA: Central acting ser rec inhibitor
30
Omperazole
MOA: blocks H/K ATPase in he stomach parietal cells
31
Cimetidine
MOA: H2 receptor blocker Use: decrease stomach acid
32
Ranitidine
MOA: H2 receptor blocker Use: decrease stomach acid
33
Octreotide
MOA: SS analgoue Use: decrease gut secretions
34
Digoxin
MOA: inhibits Na/K ATPase and increase Ca Effects: Decreases AV node, inotrope S/e: mesenteric ischemia, hypokalemia, yellow vision, arrythemia - not cleared with dialysis
35
Amiodarone
MOA: anti-arrythmic Use: Acute atrial and ventrail arrythmia s/e: pulmonary fibrosis, hypo/hyper thyroidism
36
Mg
Use: torsades de pointes and ventricular tachycardia
37
Adenosine
MOA: Interupts AV node
38
ACEi
Inhibit ACE Use: best single agent to improve survival with CHF s/e: precipitate RF if RAS
39
Beta blocker
MOA: block beta receptors Use: best single agent to improve survival after MI - reduce risk of MI and afib post op S/e: don't start a BB w/in 24h of surgery in a new user
40
Atropine
MOA: Acetylcholine antagonist Use: increases HR
41
Metyrapone
MOA: Inhibits adrenal steroid synthesis Use: Adrenocortical CA
42
Aminoglutethimide
MOA: Inhibits adrenal steroid synthesis Use: Adrenocortical CA
43
Leuprolide
MOA: analogue of GnRH and LHRH that inhibits release of LH/FSH for pituitary (paradoxic effect) Use: metastatic prostate CA
44
Tamsulosin
MOA: alpha antagonist Use: BPH
45
NSAIDS
MOA: non selective cox inhibitor S/E: inhibit PG synthesis and lead to less mucus and bicarb secretion and more acid production - gastritis, ulcers, GI bleeding - renal insufficiency 2/2 constriction of renal afferent arteriole
46
Celeoxib
MOA: NSAID with selective cox2 inhibition S/E - fewer gi s/e - increase r/o CV event
47
Misoprostol
MOA: PGE1 derivative, protective PG sed to prevent peptic ulcer disease - Use: patients on chronic NSAIDS
48
Haldol
MOA: Inhibits dopa receptorts Use: Anti-psychotic, agitation in elderly - s/e: EPSx (tx w/ benadryl), qt prolongation
49
Furosemide
MOA: loop diuretic | s/e: metabolic alk, hypoK, ototoxic
50
Spironolactone
MOA: aldo inhibitor | s/e: metabolic acid, hyperK
51
Infliximab
``` Remicade MOA: TNF-alpha Ab Use: IBD S/e: TB reactivation, CHF, new infection - no effect on wound healing ```
52
ASA poisoning
Sx: tinnitus, HA, n/v - Initially: respiratory alkalosis (increased ventilation) - Later: metabolic acidosis (compensation + drug effect)
53
Gadolinium
S/E: nausea, acute renal failure, nephrogenic fibrosis
54
Iondine contrast
S/e: nausea, dyspnea
55
Tx for tylenol overdose
N-acetlycysteine
56
S/e of ergot
Retroperitoneal fibrosis | Tx w/ prednisone
57
Drugs not safe with pregnancy
1. Methimazole: cretenism 2. ACE-: congential malformation, RF 3. Coumadin: CNS and skeletal defect (x BBB) 4. ASA: Increase miscarriages 5. Tylenol: Increase miscarriages
58
s/e of Nitroprusside
Metabolized into NO and cyanide causing CN toxicity | tx: amyl nitrate

zABSITE 2019 - high yield comprehensive (12 decks)

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