7] Neuro Interventions E2

Question 1

Data from randomized trials with low false positive(alpha) and low false-negative (beta) errors

Answer 1

Level 1 evidence

Question 2

Data from randomized trials with high false positive(alpha) or high false-negative (beta) errors

Answer 2

Level 2 evidence

Question 3

Data from nonrandomized concurrentcohort studies

Answer 3

Level 3 evidence

Question 4

Data from nonrandomized cohort studiesusing historical controls

Answer 4

Level 4 evidence

Question 5

What is level 5 evidence?

Answer 5

Data from anecdotal case series

Question 6

What is level 6 evidence?

Answer 6

Expert opinion

Question 7

When tasks are repeated, the number of active regions in the

Answer 7

Brain are reduced

Question 8

During the initial phases of motor learning, ? and ? regions of the brain are active.

Answer 8

Large and diffuse

Question 9

When a motor task is learned, on ?, ? regions of the brain show an increased activity when performing the task

Answer 9

Small, distinct

Question 10

Synapses are unused until injury occurs; Injuries to otherpathways causes their activation.

Answer 10

Unmasking

Question 11

Brain capacity is dependent on the ? And NOT ?

Answer 11

of connections NOT # of neurons present

Question 12

What interventions DO NOT promote neural reorganization?

Answer 12

Facilitation (PNF?)
Stretching
Strengthening

Question 13

Functional reorganization of the cortex is ?

Answer 13

Skill and motor learning dependent; NOT USE

Question 14

Brainstorm: flaccidity stage

Answer 14

1

Question 15

The whole hemiparetic side is completely limp.The arm, the leg, the torso, the face including the mouth and tongue, the whole body on one side is flaccid or
limp.

Answer 15

Brun 1

Question 16

Spasticity starts to creep in what stage of Brun?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

Spasticity becomes severe in what Brun?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

Spasticity is generally seen as a positive step because it signals the beginning of some sort of
messages getting through to the limbs. There may be some
small amount of voluntary synergistic movement available.

Answer 18

Brun 2

Question 19

The good part is that voluntary controlof synergies develops

Answer 19

Brun 3

Question 20

Spasticity begins to decline in this stage

Answer 20

Brun 4

Question 21

Synergies continue to decline in this stage

Answer 21

Brun 5

Question 22

Mvmts are near normal in this stage and no spasticity except when fatigued or doing fast mvmts

Answer 22

Brun 6

Question 23

the stage where some movement outside of synergy ispossible.

Answer 23

Brun 4

Question 24

able to have more voluntary control out of synergy and spasticity continues to decline.

Answer 24

Brun 5

Question 25

Individual jointmovements become possible and coordination approaches normal

Answer 25

Brun 6

Question 26

What does Brun stages tell therapists?

Answer 26

Where the stroke survivor is in the recovery process

Question 27

Environment drives motor development Utilization of the environment impacts

Answer 27

Behaviorist/cognitive theory

Question 28

Spinal cord guru and Nobel Prize winnerRecriprocal lnnervation

Answer 28

Sherrington laws

Question 29

Lead to Brun and NDT

Answer 29

Hierarchal model

Question 30

Multiple systems interact to produce movement based on a specific taskThe “why” of movement Individual + task within environment

Answer 30

Dynamic systems theory (mid 80s)

Question 31

Three tenets to how the brain organizes and develops: basic connections, Trial and Error, Expansion. Brain is adaptable to change.

Answer 31

Neuronal group selection theory

Question 32

Information to carry out the motor taskis contained in initial instructions; movements runs w/o influence of peripheral feedback or error detection processes

Answer 32

Open loop

Question 33

Employs feedback and a reference for | correctness to compute error and initiate subsequent corrections relative to initial instructions issue

Answer 33

Closed loop

Question 34

Based on principles and componentsof normal development and movement

Answer 34

Bobath (NDT)

Question 35

In normal movement the brain registers the entire movementnot individual component parts

Answer 35

PNF

Question 36

Uses diagonal movement pattern and core techniques

Answer 36

PNF

Question 37

• Facilitate progress of movement from reflexive to volitional

Answer 37

Brun

Question 38

Appropriate sensory stimulation can elicit specific motorresponses

Answer 38

Food

Question 39

Degree of performance is dependent on theamount of practice

Answer 39

Motor learning

Question 40

Includes MCIT and functional task oriented training

Answer 40

Motor learning

Question 41

Normalize muscle tone Inhibit primitive reflexes Facilitate normal postural reactions Treatment should be developmental

Answer 41

Principles of tx for NDT

Question 42

Handling Weight bearing over affected limb Utilize positions that allow use of the affected limbsAvoidance of sensory input that affect muscle tone

Answer 42

NDT techniques

Question 43

Mass muscle patterns that are spiral or diagonal in nature and mimic movement in functional activities

Answer 43

PNF

Question 44

Multi-sensory approach (tactile, auditory and visual inputs

Answer 44

PNF

Question 45

PNF patterns are named for the ? Joint when motion is completed

Answer 45

proximal

Question 46

What’s more effective than PNF on gait?

Answer 46

Treadmill

Question 47

What’s more effective than PNF on hand?

Answer 47

NMES

Question 48

In what program is PNF effective?

Answer 48

Home structured program inclusive

Question 49

When the CNS is injured, as in stroke, an individual goes through an “evolution in reverse”

Answer 49

Brun

Question 50

Appropriate sensory stimulation can elicit specific motor responses

Answer 50

Food

Question 51

- Normalized Tone is a prerequisite to movement - Flexion and extension patterns affect one another - Movement is directed toward functional goals - Repetition Necessary for motor learning

Answer 51

Basic principles of rood

Question 52

Passive in nature, short, unpredictable, NO evidence

Answer 52

Limits of Rood

Question 53

Use random and variable practice within naturalcontexts in treatment

Answer 53

Motor learning

Question 54

Provide decreasing amounts of physical guidanceand verbal feedback

Answer 54

Motor learning

Question 55

Develop task analysis and problem-solving skills ofpatients so that they can find their own solutions to problems in their environment

Answer 55

Motor learning

Question 56

4 variables that affect the motor learning process

Answer 56

1 - stages of learning 2- sensory conditions 3- feedback 4 - practice schedule

Question 57

Important factor in reinforcing motor-skill acquisition

Answer 57

Feedback

Question 58

2 types of feedback

Answer 58

Intrinsic | Extrinsic

Question 59

Info from sensory systems either during or after mvmt

Answer 59

Intrinsic feedback

Question 60

Info from external source; supplements intrinsic

Answer 60

Extrinsic feedback

Question 61

Establish normal motor development and function And or | Prevent contractures and deformities.

Answer 61

Initial goal of NDT

Question 62

What kind of framework was used for NDT?

Answer 62

Normal developmental sequence

Question 63

Given by therapist to provide information on how toimprove their subsequent performance

Answer 63

Transitional info

Question 64

Provided as task is being performed

Answer 64

Concurrent feedback

Question 65

6 timings of feedback

Answer 65

``` Concurrent Terminal Bandwidth Summary Delayed Faded ```

Question 66

Given only when performance is outside range of error

Answer 66

Bandwidth feedback

Question 67

Provided when task is completed

Answer 67

Terminal feedback

Question 68

Given after a set # of trials

Answer 68

Summary feedback

Question 69

Given very frequently at first then less

Answer 69

Faded feedback

Question 70

Given after a time delay

Answer 70

Delayed feedback

Question 71

2 types of practice sessions

Answer 71

Massed | Distributed

Question 72

More practice, less rest; may lead to fatigue

Answer 72

Massed practice

Question 73

session in which the amount of rest between trials equals or is greaterthan the amount of time for a trial

Answer 73

Distributed practice

Question 74

``` beneficial: if decreased motivation - less attention span - less concentration or motor planning deficit (dyspraxia) ```

Answer 74

Distributed practice

Question 75

2 types of practice

Answer 75

Constant | Variable

Question 76

Practice organized around one task -performed repeatedly

Answer 76

Constant practice

Question 77

Practice of several variations of the same task/same category of movements

Answer 77

Variable practice

Question 78

3 types of task order

Answer 78

Blockers Random Serial

Question 79

Repeated practice of a task

Answer 79

Blocked order

Question 80

Non repeating and non predictable order

Answer 80

Random order

Question 81

Predictable order of tasks in sequence

Answer 81

Serial order

Question 82

2 types of tasks

Answer 82

Whole vs part

Question 83

Practicing the task in its entirety

Answer 83

Whole task

Question 84

Task broken down into its components and then practiced

Answer 84

Part task

Question 85

skill can be demonstrated after a period of no practice; variety of intervals

Answer 85

Retention

Question 86

acquired capability to adapt the skill to | permit performance of other similar related tasks

Answer 86

Generalizability