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Neurology-Week 4 & 5 > 7. Nutrition > Flashcards

7. Nutrition Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Most commonly used Dietary Reference Intake guideline

A

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

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2
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins (4 total)

A

A, D, E and K

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3
Q

Fat malabsorption will result in someone being more prone to a deficiency in what vitamins

A

Vitamins A, D, E and K

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4
Q

Functions of Vitamin A

A

Vision
Epithelium (skin, GI tract)
Immunity
Repoductive

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5
Q

Sources of Vitamin A (2 total)

A

Retinoids (animal sources: eggs, dairy)

Carotenoids (yellow/red fruits and veggies, dark leafy greens)

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6
Q

Stores of Vitamin A are mostly in the __________

A

Liver (3 week stores)

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7
Q

The liver has about how many weeks’ worth of Vitamin A stores

A

3 weeks (will see precipitous drop in liver and plasma levels soon after)

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8
Q

Signs of Vitamin A deficiency (hint: think about what vitamin A is used for)

A

Generally skin and eye issues

Dermatology: dry, scaly keratinized skin
Ocular: night blindness, constriction of optic nerve and Bitot’s spots

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9
Q

Signs of Vitamin A toxicity

A

Dry itchy skin
Conjunctivitis
Cirrhosis
Orange skin

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10
Q

Sources of Vitamin D

A

UV light on skin
fish
egg yolk
fortified milk and OJ

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11
Q

__________________________ is converted in the skin via UV light into Vitamin D3

A

7-Dehydrocholesterol

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12
Q

Function of Vitamin D

A

Calcium transport (bone health)
Immune regulation
Cell proliferation

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13
Q

Signs of Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets (children)

Osteomalacia (adults)

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14
Q

What level of Vitamin D indicated severe deficiency

A

<10 ng/mL

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15
Q

What makes someone more prone to Vitamin D deficiency

A 
Exclusively breastfed infants
Milk allergies
AA children
>50 yo
Limited sun exposure
Strict vegetarians
Fat malabsorptive
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16
Q

Sources of Vitamin E

A

Vegatable oils
Nuts
Leafy greens
Fortified cereals

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17
Q

Function of Vitamin E

A

Potent antioxidant

DNA repair

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18
Q

type of Vitamin E that has the highest activity and dominant plasma form

A

a-tocopherol

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19
Q

type of Vitamin E that is the dominant dietary form

A

y-tocopherol

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20
Q

Vitamin E:

a-tocopherol vs. y-tocopherol

A

a: highest activity and dominant plasma form
y: dominant dietary form

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21
Q

Signs of Vitamin E deficiency

A

very rare

nerve degeneration of hands/feet

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22
Q

Populations at risk for Vitamin E deficiency

A

Fat malabsorptive disorders

Premature/VLBW infants

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23
Q

Signs of Vitamin E toxicity

A

Inc. bleeding and impaired blood coagulation

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24
Q

Sources of Vitamin K

A 
Dark leafy greens
GI microflora (large intestine)
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25
Functions of Vitamin K
Blood coagulation | Bone health
26
Signs of Vitamin K deficiency
``` Blood coagulation (bleeding, bruising, etc.) Reduced bone density ```
27
Common risk factors for fat soluble vitamin deficiencies
Fat malabsorptive disorders | Alcoholics
28
Newborns are frequently deficient in vitamin __________, thus they all receive injections at birth
K
29
Signs of Vitamin K toxicity
Dec. effectiveness of anticoagulants (Warfarin) (overwhelm anticoagulants)
30
Examples of Water Soluble Vitamins
B and C
31
Sources of Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
Fortified grains
32
Functions of Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
Coenzyme for metabolism
33
Vitamin B1 is also known as...
Thiamin
34
Signs of Vitamin B1 deficiency (Thiamin)
Wet beriberi: (cardiovascular) SOB, inc. HR and peripheral edema Dry beriberi: (nervous) pain, tingling, vomiting, nystagmus, confusion Wernicke-Korsakoff: encephalopathy and memory disturbances*
35
Vitamin B2 is also known as...
Riboflavin
36
Sources of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
milk cheese eggs
37
Function of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Coenzyme (FAD)
38
Signs of Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) deficiency
Mouth sores (ariboflavonosis)
39
Other name for Vitamin B3
Niacin
40
Sources of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Meat Fish Poultry Enriched grains
41
Functions of Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Coenzyme (oxidation reactions: NAD, NADP)
42
Which vitamin is used as a coenzyme for OXIDATION reactions
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
43
Signs of Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency
Pellagra (4 D's: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death)
44
What are the 4 D's associated with Vitamin B3 deficiency
Diarrhea Dermatitis Dementia Death
45
Other name for Vitamin B5
Pantothenic Acid
46
Which water soluble vitamin can you almost NEVER have a deficiency (present in nearly all foods)
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
47
Function of Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Coenzyme A (carrier of small carbon groups in energy metabolism)
48
Names for the various Vitamin B's
B1: Thiamin B2: Riboflavin B3: Niacin B5: Pantothenic Acid
49
Sources of Vitamins B6/12 and Folic acid
``` Meat Fish Poultry Milk Green veggies (spinach, asparagus, lima beans) ```
50
Functions of Vitamin B6/12 and Folic acid
``` RBC metabolism Nerve cells Gluconeogenesis Lipid metabolism* DNA synthesis* ``` *rapid cell division and growth
51
Signs of Vitamin B6/12 or Folate deficiency
Dermatitis Convulsions Peripheral degeneration Megaloblastic anemia (B12 and folate)
52
Folic acid can correct megaloblastic anemia and nerve damage in B12 deficiency (True or False)
False: can only correct megaloblastic anemia
53
Signs of Vitamin B6/12 and Folate toxicity
Neuropathy (B6)
54
Sources of Vitamin C
Fruits (citrus, strawberries, cantaloupe)
55
Functions of Vitamin C
Antioxidant | Co-factor for collagen enzymes
56
Signs of Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy (bruising, gum, dental problems and corkscrew hairs)
57
Causes of Vitamin C deficiency
Inadequate intake | Exposure to secondhand smoke (need to repair damage from free radicals)
58
Which vitamin deficiency can be caused by exposure to secondhand smoke
Vitamin C (free radicals call for increased antioxidants, like vitamin C)
59
Sources of Iodine
Iodized salt | Seafood
60
Functions of Iodine
Thyroid hormone | Prevent goiters
61
Signs of Iodine deficiency
Goiter (enlarged thyroid) Hypothyroidism Cretinism
62
Signs of Iodine toxicity
Elevated TSH
63
Sources of Zinc
Meat Seafood Whole grains
64
Functions of Zinc
Enzyme cofactor
65
Signs of Zinc deficiency
Retardation/lethargy Impaired immune function (recurrent infections) Bullous-pustular dermatitis

Neurology-Week 4 & 5 (14 decks)

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