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PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS (RNH) > 7 PRIMER (ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON, COLORS) > Flashcards

7 PRIMER (ENTOPTIC PHENOMENON, COLORS) Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to visual perceptions that are produced or influenced by the structures of one’s own eye.

  • Entoptic Imagery (entoptic Phenomenon)
  • Color vision
A

Entoptic Imagery (entoptic Phenomenon)

“produced by the structures of own eye”

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2
Q

opacities of the ocular media

  • pathologic imperfections
  • physiologic imperfections
A

pathologic imperfections

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3
Q

Under some conditions colored halos can be seen to surround small white lights that are viewed from a distance

  • Physiologic and pathologic halos
  • Vitreoretinal sources of entoptic images
A

Physiologic and pathologic halos

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4
Q

chromatic dispersion of white light by various layers of cells in the ocular media.

  • Physiologic and pathologic halos
  • Vitreoretinal sources of entoptic images
A

Physiologic and pathologic halos

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5
Q

radial arrangement of lens fibers, which act as diffraction grating

  • Physiologic halos
  • Pathologic halos
A

Physiologic halos

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6
Q

increase IOP, radiation keratopathy

  • Physiologic halos
  • Pathologic halos
A

Pathologic halos

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7
Q

consisting of flashes of light that were likened to the appearance of flashes of lightning

  • Moore’s Lightning Streaks
  • Purkinje Figures
A

Moore’s Lightning Streaks

“flashes of light”

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8
Q

Associated with stress

  • Moore’s Lightning Streaks
  • Purkinje Figures
A

Moore’s Lightning Streaks

“stress”

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9
Q

Images of the retinal blood vessels.

  • Moore’s Lightning Streaks
  • Purkinje Figures
A

Purkinje Figures

“retinal blood vessels”

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10
Q

Illumination of the fundus by parallel rays of light will allow visualization of small opacities located close to the retina.

  • Moore’s Lightning Streaks
  • Purkinje Figures
A

Purkinje Figures

“visualization of small opacities”

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11
Q

Scheerer’s Phenomenon

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Blue field phenomenon

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12
Q

appearance of tiny bright dots moving rapidly along squiggly lines in the visual field.

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Blue field phenomenon

“bright dots moving”

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13
Q

caused by white blood cells moving in the capillaries in front of the retina

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Blue field phenomenon

“white blood cells moving”

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14
Q

is the perception of light without light actually entering the eye

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Phosphene

“perception of light without light”

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15
Q

Results from stimulation of retinal ganglion cells

  • Blue field phenomenon
  • Phosphene
A

Phosphene

“retinal ganglion cells”

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16
Q

brought by rapid movement of the eye

  • Flick phosphene
  • phosphene
A

Flick phosphene

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17
Q

produced by snneze, laughter, a heavy and deep cough, and blowing of the nose

  • Flick phosphene
  • phosphene
A

phosphene

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18
Q

Electrical stimulation of the brain

  • Flick phosphene
  • phosphene
A

phosphene

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19
Q

refers to an image continuing to appear in one’s vision after the exposure to the original image has ceased

  • Afterimage
  • Science of Color
A

Afterimage

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20
Q

Over stimulation of cones

  • Negative
  • Positive
A

Negative

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21
Q

Opposite color of the original object

  • Negative
  • Positive
A

Negative

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22
Q

Transmission of impulse from the retina to the brain in a dark adapted eye

  • Negative
  • Positive
A

Positive

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23
Q

Same color as the original color

  • Negative
  • Positive
A

Positive

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24
Q

That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer.

  • Afterimage
  • Colors
A

Colors

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25
Q

That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer.

  • Afterimage
  • Colors
A

Colors

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26
Q

That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer.

  • Afterimage
  • Colors
A

Colors

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27
Q

That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer.

  • Afterimage
  • Colors
A

Colors

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28
Q

That aspect of things that is caused by differing qualities of the light reflected or emitted by an object, definable in terms of the observer.

  • Afterimage
  • Colors
A

Colors

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29
Q

The characteristics of light by which the individual is made aware of objects or light sources through the receptors of the eye, described in terms of dominant wavelength, luminance, and purity.

  • Colors
  • Entoptic Phenomenon
A

Colors

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30
Q

Sometimes called Chromatics, colorimetry, or simply color science

  • Science of Color
  • Entoptic Phenomenon
A

Science of Color

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31
Q

When the wavelength is within 390 nm to 700 nm the human eye can perceive it.

  • Physics of Color
  • Spectral Colors
A

Physics of Color

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32
Q

Most light sources emit light at many different wavelengths

  • Physics of Color
  • Spectral Colors
A

Physics of Color

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33
Q

a color that is evoked by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum, or by a relatively narrow band of wavelengths

  • Physics of Color
  • Spectral Colors
A

spectral color

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34
Q

The ________ depends on both the physics of the object relative to its environment and the characteristics of the perceiving eye and brain

  • color of an object
  • Prurkinje effect
A

color of an object

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35
Q

The ________ depends on both the physics of the object relative to its environment and the characteristics of the perceiving eye and brain

  • color of an object
  • Prurkinje effect
A

color of an object

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36
Q

A viewers perception of color also is dependent on the persons contextual cues. (color constancy)

  • color of an object
  • Prurkinje effect
A

color of an object

37
Q

is a process that allows the brain to recognize a familiar object as being a consistent color regardless of the amount of light reflecting from it at a given moment

  • Color constancy
  • Trichromatic theory
A

Color constancy

38
Q

Achieved through a specialized nerve cells in the primary visual cortex called ____

  • double opponent cells
  • kruithof curve
A

double opponent cells

“primary visual cortex “

39
Q

Retinex Theory

  • Edwin H. Land
  • Thomas Young
  • Ewald Hering
A

Edwin H. Land

40
Q

Trichromatic Theory

A

Thomas Young

41
Q

Opponent Theory of Colors

  • Edwin H. Land
  • Thomas Young
  • Ewald Hering
A

Ewald Hering

42
Q

Opponent Theory of Colors

  • Edwin H. Land
  • Thomas Young
  • Ewald Hering
A

Ewald Hering

43
Q

he suggest that both the eye and the brain are involve in color constancy

  • Edwin H. Land
  • Thomas Young
  • Ewald Hering
A

Edwin H. Land (Retinex Theory)

44
Q

The ability of the human eye to distinguish colors is based upon the varying sensitivity of photoreceptors in the retina particularly the cones to light of different wavelengths.

  • Edwin H. Land
  • Thomas Young
  • Ewald Hering
A

Trichromatic Theory (Thomas Young)

45
Q

The ability of the human eye to distinguish colors is based upon the varying sensitivity of photoreceptors in the retina particularly the cones to light of different wavelengths.

  • Retinex Theory
  • Trichromatic Theory
  • Opponent theory of colors
A

Trichromatic Theory

46
Q

The ff. is under:

  1. short wavelength cones / blue cones
  2. medium wavelength cones / green cones
  3. long wavelength cones / red cones
  • Retinex Theory
  • Trichromatic Theory
  • Opponent theory of colors
A

Trichromatic theory (Thomas Young)

47
Q

most sensitive with wavelengths around 570nm

  • short wavelength
  • medium wavelength
  • long wavelength
A

long wavelength

48
Q

most sensitive with wavelengths around 450nm

  • short wavelength
  • medium wavelength
  • long wavelength
A

short wavelength

49
Q
  • short wavelength
  • most sensitive with wavelengths around 540nm
  • short wavelength
  • medium wavelength
  • long wavelength
A

medium wavelength

50
Q
  • short wavelength
  • most sensitive with wavelengths around 450nm
  • blue cones
  • red cones
  • green cones
A

blue cones

51
Q

most sensitive with wavelengths around 540nm

  • short wavelength
  • most sensitive with wavelengths around 540nm
  • blue cones
  • red cones
  • green cones
A

green cones

52
Q
  • short wavelength
  • most sensitive with wavelengths around 570nm
  • blue cones
  • red cones
  • green cones
A

red cones

53
Q

In dim light, the ____ are understimulated leaving only the signal from the rods, resulting in a colorless response.

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

“In dim light, colorless response”

53
Q

These effects are combined and summarized in the _______, that describes the change of color perception, and pleasantness of light as function of temperature and intensity.

  • Kruithof curve
  • Purkinje effect
A

Kruithof curve

“pleasantness of light”

54
Q

The _______ describes a region of luminance levels and color temperatures that are often viewed as comfortable or pleasing to an observer

  • Kruithof curve
  • Purkinje effect
A

Kruithof curve

“levels and color temperatures”

55
Q

The sketch of his curve as presented consists of three major regions:
–> colors are warm and colorful

  • lower region
  • middle region
  • upper region
A

upper region

55
Q

The sketch of his curve as presented consists of three major regions:

–> colors are warm and colorful

  • lower region
  • middle region
  • upper region
A

upper region

56
Q

The sketch of his curve as presented consists of three major regions:
–> considered pleasing

  • lower region
  • middle region
  • upper region
A

middle region

57
Q

The sketch of his curve as presented consists of three major regions:
–> colors that are considered cold and dim

A

lower region

58
Q

directly related to human adaptation to changes in illumination

  • Purkinje effect
  • Kruithof’s findings
A

Kruithof’s findings

“changes in illumination”

59
Q

As luminance decreases, the visual system switches from cone-dominated vision to rod dominated

  • Purkinje effect
  • Kruithof’s findings
A

Purkinje effect

“switches from cone-dominated vision to rod dominated”

60
Q

In general, sources of ___________ are all generally considered to be displeasing at low luminance levels

  • lower color temperatures
  • higher color temperatures
A

higher color temperatures

“displeasing at low luminance levels”

61
Q

the ability to distinguish objects based the wavelengths and frequencies of the light they reflect, emit, or transmit

  • entoptic phenomenon
  • color vision
A

Color Vision

“distinguish objects based the wavelengths”

62
Q

The ability to discriminate light on the basis of wavelength composition

  • entoptic phenomenon
  • color vision
A

color vision

“discriminate light on the basis of wavelength”

63
Q

the ability of the eye to perceive differences in the spectral composition of visible light

  • entoptic phenomenon
  • color vision
A

color vision

“visible light”

64
Q

number of rods

A

120 million

65
Q

Predominantly located at the peripheral retina

  • rods
  • cones
A

rods

66
Q

Can be triggered by individual photon in optimal condition

  • rods
  • cones
A

rods

67
Q

The adaptation process is slower

  • rods
  • cones
A

rods

68
Q

Lesser visual resolution

  • rods
  • cones
A

rods

69
Q

Better motion sensor

  • rods
  • cones
A

rods

70
Q

Rods has a photopigment called ______

A

rhodopsin

71
Q

RODS
Pick of absorption is more on the ________

  • shorter wavelength
  • longer wavelength
A

shorter wavelength

72
Q

what area of the retina a rod-free area?

A

fovea

73
Q

Peripheral vision

  • rods
  • cones
A

rods

74
Q

Motion detection

  • rods
  • cones
A

rods

75
Q

Dark-adapted vision (scotopic vision)

  • rods
  • cones
A

rods

76
Q

number of cones

A

6-7million

77
Q

Predominantly located at the central retinal

A

cones

78
Q

Less sensitive

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

79
Q

It adapts faster

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

80
Q

Better visual resolution

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

81
Q

Sensitive to colors

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

82
Q

Pick of absorption is more on longer wavelength

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

83
Q

Central vision

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

84
Q

Color vision perception

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

85
Q

Detection of forms and details

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

86
Q

Light adapted vision (Photopic Vision)

  • rods
  • cones
A

cones

PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS (RNH) (16 decks)

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