Topic 4 Evolution And Natural Selection Flashcards
Evidence for human evolution
Stone tools provide evidence for human evolution as it reveals how humans have become more sophisticated to suit their needs
What is evolution
Gradual change in characteristics of a species over a period of time
Two trends in the evolution of humans
Increased scull volume,hight and walking upright
Explain Darwins theory of evolution
Members of a species show variation, some is genetic.
Individuals which have features suited to their environment are more likely to survive and breed
The genes for these beneficial features are passed on to the next generation
What is a mutation
Mutation is a rapid change in a species especially if the environment changes
How can antibiotics be used to cure bacteria
Antibiotics can cure bacterial diseases by killing bacteria inside the body
Why cant antibiotics be used to kill viruses
Because viruses reproduce and live inside cells
Why has many strains of bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
This has happened because of natural selection
If a bacteria randomly mutates what can happen?
This can lead to the bacteria becoming resistant to an antibiotic
What are the 5 kingdoms
Animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, proctisits
What are the reasons for selective breeding
Disease resistants, increasing yield, coping with the environment, fast growth, flavours
How do you produce a genetically modified organism
You do this by introducing DNA from another species
How do you genetically engineer insulin producing bacteria
Identify insulin gene
Plasmid from bacteria
Restrictive enzyme cuts which results in sticky ends(exposed dna)
Ligase to sick back together
Place into fermenter where bacteria grows quickly. Bacteria produces insulin which you then extract
