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3 Pharma > Hematinics & Coagulants > Flashcards

Hematinics & Coagulants Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of iron is absorbed readily in the duodenum?

A

Heme iron

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2
Q

How can ferric iron be absorbed?

A

Reduction to ferrous iron.

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3
Q

Transporter for ferrous iron?

A

DMT1

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4
Q

Iron enters circulation attached to

A

Transferrin

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5
Q

Iron is stored as

A

Ferritin

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6
Q

Elevated transferrin levels could indicate:

A

DECREASED Fe levels

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7
Q

Elevated ferritin levels could mean

A

INCREASED Fe levels

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8
Q

Peptide that reduces iron absorption in enterocytes and increases iron accumulation by macrophages

A

Hepcidin (hormone produced by liver)

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9
Q

Lifespan of RBC

A

120 days

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10
Q

1 mL RBC contains how much elemental iron

A

1 mg

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11
Q

Three foods that may impair iron absorption

A

tea, dairy, fish

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12
Q

What increases iron absorption?

A

Ascorbic acid

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13
Q

ADR of iron:

A

abdominal pain
nausea and vomiting
constipation

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14
Q

How many mg/day of elemental iron in iron replacement therapy?

A

300 mg/day

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15
Q

In oral iron replacement therapy, the goal for iron stores to reach how many g?

A

0.5-1g

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16
Q

Indications of parenteral iron therapy?

A

1) Patient cannot tolerate oral iron
2) Condition is acute
3) There is a continuous need for iron

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17
Q

Which parenteral iron preparation has the risk of anaphylaxis?

A

Iron dextran

18
Q

Parenteral iron therapy is used to augment the response of

A

Recombinant EPO in patients undergoing dialysis

19
Q

Excess iron depositions in chronic iron toxicity can be found in which organs?

A

Heart, liver, pancreas, other

20
Q

IDA patients are prone to what toxicity?

A

Lead toxicity.

Lead absorption can be increased in patients with low dietary calcium, IDA, and ingestion on empty stomach.

21
Q

Cobalamin (B12) or folate (B9) deficiency can cause what kind of anemia?

A

Megaloblastic (macrocytic type)

22
Q

What kind of anemia can cause B12 deficiency?

A

Pernicious anemia (loss of gastric parietal cells –> decreased intrinsic factor –> impaired B12 absorption)

23
Q

Why should folate not be used in B12 deficiency?

A

Folic acid may elleviate the anemia but allow the neurologic deficits from B12 deficiency to continue. Vit B12 deficiency impairs reutilization of folate, so effects of folate deficiency can manifest. Supplementing with folate can mask the B12 deficiency.

24
Q

Indications of Epoetin alfa?

A 
Also known as recombinant human erythropoietin.
Anemia in chronic kidney disease.
AIDS
Cancer chemotherapy and surgery.
Prematurity.
Chronic inflammation
25
Q

Modified form of EPO is also called

A

Darbepoetin alfa

26
Q

Difference between G-CSF and GM-CSF potential?

A

GM-CSF has broader biologic actions. Multipotential hematopoeitic growth factor (granulocyte, megakaryocyte, erythroid).

27
Q

Exogenous forms of GM-CSF/G-CSF?

A

Sargramostim
Filgrastim
Pegfilgrastim

28
Q

Sargramostim is extracted from:

It is a form of :

A

yeast

recombinant human GM-CSF

29
Q

Filgrastim is extracted from:

It is a form of:

A

E. coli

recombinant human G-CSF

30
Q 
Thrombocytopenia drug(s) with the following ADR:
tachycardia
palpitation
edema
shortness of breath
A

Oprelvekin

31
Q

Thrombocytopenia drug(s) that is/are recombinant thrombopoietin

A

Romiplostim & Eltrombopag

32
Q

Thrombocytopenia drug(s) that is/are recombinant IL-11

A

Oprelvekin

33
Q

Vit K-dependent factors:

A

Factors II, VII, IX, X

34
Q

Which Vit K form is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

A

K2 (menaquinone)

This is why dietary requirement is low

35
Q

Which Vit K form is a water soluble salt and should never be used therapeutically?

A

K3 (menadione)

36
Q

Which Vit K form is found in food?

A

K1 (phytonadione)

37
Q

Which Vit K form is found in human tissues?

A

K2 (menaquinone)

38
Q

FDA-approved treatment for vWF bleeding:

A

Humate-P

39
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated hemorrhage into a joint:

A

Factor VIII or Factor IX replacement

40
Q

Initial loading dose for FVIII

A

50 units/kg daily in 2 divided doses

41
Q

Fibrinolytic inhibitor similar to lysine

A

Aminocaproic acid (EACA)

42
Q

Fibrinolytic inhibitor similar to EACA

A

Tranexamic acid

3 Pharma (8 decks)

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