8. Argument From Analogy

Question 1

Analogues

Answer 1

Inductive argument that rests on a similarity between two things that are compared are called analogues

Question 2

Primary analogue

Answer 2

An analogue mentioned in the premise

Question 3

Secondary analogue

Answer 3

The analogue mentioned in the conclusion

Question 4

Principles for evaluating arguments from analogy

Answer 4

1) Relevance of the similarities
2) # of similarities
3) Nature & degree of disanalogy
4) # of primary analogues
5) Diversity among primary analogues
6) Specificity of the conclusion

Question 5

Legal Reasoning

Answer 5

Requirement of precedent: Similar cases are decided similarly

Six principles for evaluating arguments from analogy apply to legal arguments

Question 6

Moral reasoning

Answer 6

Analogues are useful in constructing arguments about moral issues