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MC > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

The so-called_______ is where the plasma viral

load drops to a steady level for many years

A

‘set point’

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2
Q

Patients invariably recover to enter a long period of

good health for_____ years

A

5

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3
Q

_______is

the commonest presentation of AIDS

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci (ex carinii ) pneumonia (PJP)

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4
Q

Approximately_______ of HIV-positive children

are infected from HIV-infected mothers

A

15–40%

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5
Q

Infants born to these mothers may develop the
disease within a few months, with 30% affected by
the age of _____

A

18 months.

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6
Q

The time for the onset of AIDS in HIV-affected adults
varies from 2 months to 20 years or longer; the
median time is around ____

A

10 years

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7
Q

In family practice the most common presentation of
HIV-related illness is seen in the ______
for example, candidiasis and herpes

A

skin/oral mucosa,

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8
Q

____is a common, serious but treatable complication

of HIV

A

TB

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9
Q

HIV antibody testing is a two-stage process: the
_____ test for screening followed by
another method (e.g. Western blot) if positive

A

antigen–antibody

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10
Q

The seroconversion period from acquiring HIV
infection to a positive antibody test varies between
individuals: this period is known as the_____

A

‘window

period

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11
Q

The level of immune depletion is best measured
by the ________
count—the CD 4 cell count

A

CD 4 positive T-lymphocyte (helper T-cell)

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12
Q

What are clinical stages of HIV

1
2
3
4
5
A
  1. Seroconversion illness (self-limited 1–3 weeks)
  2. Asymptomatic
  3. Symptomatic—early
  4. Symptomatic—late
  5. Advanced
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13
Q

The illness usually occurs
within 6 weeks of infection and is characterised by
fever, night sweats, malaise, severe lethargy, anorexia,
nausea, myalgia, arthralgia, headache, photophobia,
sore throat, diarrhoea, lymphadenopathy, generalised
maculoerythematous rash and thrombocytopenia

A

Acute (seroconversion) illness

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14
Q

Main Sx of acute seroconversion

A

The main symptoms are headache, photophobia

and malaise/fatigue

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15
Q

Close ddx of acute seroconversion

A

resembles infectious mononucleosis

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16
Q

labs of acute seroconversion

A

neutropenia,
lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and mildly
elevated ESR and serum transaminase

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17
Q

fever + severe malaise +

lymphadenopathy

A

acute HIV

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18
Q

CD4 count

Seroconversion illness

A

Transient decrease, commonly
followed by a return to nearnormal
level

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19
Q

CD4 count

Asymptomatic

A

Usually >500 cells/μL
Gradual decrease of
50–80 cells/μL

20
Q

CD4 count

Symptomatic—early

A

Usually 150–500 cells/μL

21
Q

CD4 count

Symptomatic—late

A

Usually <150 cells/μL

22
Q

CD4 count

Advanced

A

Usually <50 cells/μL

23
Q

What stage of HIV

Headaches
Persistent generalised lymphadenopathy

A

Asymptomatic

24
Q

What stage of HIV

Oral and vaginal candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia,
seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis, recurrent varicella
zoster infection, cervical dysplasia, unexplained
fever, sweats, weight loss, diarrhoea, tuberculosis

A

Symptomatic—early

25
Q

What stage of HIV

PJP, Kaposi sarcoma, oesophageal candidiasis,
cerebral toxoplasmosis, lymphoma, HIV-1 associated
dementia complex, cryptococcal meningitis

A

Symptomatic—late

26
Q

What stage of HIV

CMV retinitis, cerebral lymphoma, Mycobacterium
avium complex (MAC) infection
A

Advanced

27
Q

T or F

Severe PJP can have little or no chest signs, and, unless
treated, patients can rapidly deteriorate and die

A

T

28
Q

Oral manifestations of patients with HIV

• Aphthous ulcers
• Angular cheilitis
• Periodontal/gingival disease
• Tonsillitis
• Oral candidiasis
• \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (frequently mistaken
for candidiasis but affects lateral border of tongue)
A

Oral hairy cell leukoplakia

29
Q

Cutaneous manifestations of HIV

1
2
3
4
5
6
A
  • Impetigo
  • Warts
  • HSV
  • Shingles, especially multidermatomal
  • Seborrhoeic dermatitis
  • Cutaneous mycoses
30
Q

painless red-purple lesions on
any part of the body including palms, soles, oral
cavity and other parts of the GIT

A

Kaposi sarcoma

31
Q

the strongest predictor

of possible clinical manifestations of HIV infection

A

CD 4 lymphocyte counts

32
Q

a measure of the serum level of RNA
of the HIV virus—correlates with response to
treatment and progression to AIDS and death

A

Viral load

33
Q

T or F,

Monotherapy is important in HIV Tx

A

F

34
Q

In HIV Tx

______ is the limiting factor, no matter how
potent an individual drug may be at reducing viral
load initially.

A

Viral resistance

35
Q

The trials of combined ______ and ________demonstrated both a more sustained
decrease in plasma viral load than either drug did alone,
and a more delayed development of viral resistance

A

zidovudine and

lamivudine

36
Q

Most acceptable HIV Tx

A

(HAART)

37
Q

Subcutaneous injections of

______have been shown to boost immunity

A

interleukin-2

38
Q

Current thinking favours early treatment. The

most widely used and preferred regimen consists of _________

A

2

NTIs plus either an NNRI or a protease inhibitor

39
Q

This is a combination of three (or more) agents with

one or more penetrating the blood–brain barrier.

A

HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy

40
Q

This is an important cause of pneumonia and not

usually seen until the CD 4 + cell count is <200/ μ L

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci 9

41
Q

Tx of Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

It is usually treated with trimethoprim +
sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) oral or IV for
21 days depending on severity, which is also given
orally as prophylaxis when the cell count reaches
<200

42
Q

Alterantive Tx of Pneumocystis jiroveci

A

Alternative agents are IV pentamidine or oral

dapsone, clindamycin and atovaquone.

43
Q

T or F

You need a Repeat HIV antibody test

A

T

44
Q

T or F

You need a G6PD test for all HIV pts

A

T

45
Q

Prophylaxis—this is managed according to
immune status: if CD 4 count <200 cells/ μ L
use ______ to prevent opportunistic
infections, particularly PJP

A

cotrimoxazole

MC (90 decks)

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