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M6 Mac > 6.5 Fastners > Flashcards

6.5 Fastners Flashcards

1
Q

What is a thread formed on a cylinder known as

A

A straight or parallel thread

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2
Q

When a thread is cut in a clockwise direction what is it known as

A

A right hand thread

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3
Q

When a thread is cut anti clockwise what is it known as

A

Left hand thread

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4
Q

What were the main threads in Britain and America.

A
  • British Standard (BS) and British Association (BA)

- American National (AN)

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5
Q

What did the American and British threads get replaced with

A

Unified threads

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6
Q

What are the 3 main British thread forms

A
  • (BSW) British standard course thread
  • (BSF) The finer version of the whiteorth
  • (BSP) Another fine example of the whiteorth
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7
Q

What are BA threads used for

A

Fine pitch used for sizes below 1/4 inch diameter only

47.5°

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8
Q

What is the definition of a bolt

A

It is tightened with a nut

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9
Q

How much of a threat should be protruding though a bolt when tightened

A

At least 1/32 of an inch or one full chamfer

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10
Q

What should the grip length of a bolt be equal to

A

The thickness of the material

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11
Q

What is the maximum amount of washers allowed to adjust grip length

A

3

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12
Q

What are the 4 types of stud available

A

Standard
Waisted
Shouldered
Stepped

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13
Q

What is the most widely used stud

A

Standard or plain

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14
Q

When are waisted studs used

A

Used where strength has to be retained but weight saving is required

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15
Q

When are stepped studs required

A

To provide a stronger anchorage than plain studs when they are being inserted in to soft material

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16
Q

When are shouldered studs used

A

Where maximum rigidity is required against lateral stresses

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17
Q

What are the 3 methods of inserting studs

A
  • Stud box
  • Stud insertion tool
  • Lock nuts
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18
Q

Why are the two main methods of stud removal

A
  • Filed flats

- Ezi outs

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19
Q

When are self tapping screws used

A

To secure thin gauge sheet metal parts when nuts and bolts are impractical or too expensive

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20
Q

What are the 4 main categories of nuts

A
  • Non self locking nuts
  • Locking nuts
  • High temp self locking nuts
  • Low temp self locking nuts
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21
Q

When must shear castle nuts be used

A

Used only for shear loads on clevis bolts

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22
Q

What would a castle nut be used for

A

Designed to fit on standard airframe bolts and designed to take shear or tensile loads

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23
Q

Where must a slotted engine nut only be used

A

Only on engines, they are not approved to be used on airframe

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24
Q

Where would wing nuts be used

A

Mainly used on hose clamps and battery connections. Normally tightened by fingers

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25
Q

What is important to remember about nylock stiffnuts

A

Low temp only

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26
Q

What characteristics make up an oddie stiffnut

A

6 springy tongues that spring inwards

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27
Q

What are the difference between aerotight and philidas

A

Aerotight - slot through the bolt

Philidas - a groove around the bolt

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28
Q

When would anchor nuts be used

A

When a slight range of movement is needed

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29
Q

What temperatures would high temp self locking nuts be used

A

When temperatures exceed 120°c

All metal and usually made from cres, steel alloy, cres silver plated

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30
Q

When would low temp self locking nuts be used

A

Where temperatures will not exceed 121°c

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31
Q

When should you not reuse nylon lock nuts

A

If they can be done up finger tight

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32
Q

What sort of tolerance across its flats does a helicoil inset have

A

0.0005mm

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33
Q

What is the purpose of a helicoil.

A

To protect the threads of a soft threaded material a helicoil insert can be inserted. And for stripped threads

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34
Q

What are the two types of helicoil insert available

A
  • The standard type provides a free running thread

- The screw lock type provides a resilient internal locking thread

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35
Q

In ordinary thread assemblies how much of the load does the first thread take

A

45-50% of the total load

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36
Q

On a helicoil insert how much load distribution does the first thread take

A

A helicoil insert assures that load distribution throughout the entire length of the thread

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37
Q

How much of a thread runout is required when inserting a helicoil

A

The hole for the insert should be drilled to the diameter and depth specified in tables supplied by the manufacturer, the depth being calculated from the fitted length of the insert, plus the thread runout, plus half a pitch gap at each end of the insert

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38
Q

When a helicoil is inserted, unless specified otherwise, how far should the outer coil be below the surface of the component

A

At least half a pitch

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39
Q

How would the tang of a helicoil insert be removed

A

The insertion key is used as a punch

On a blind hole, long round nose pliers are required to bend the tang backwards and forwards until it fractures

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40
Q

When and how would a helicoil insert be removed

A

Under normal circumstances, particularly when fitting instructions are been carefully carried out he removal of inserts should be unnecessary. However if the insert has to be removed due to damage or wear, this can be done by bending the top coil inwards to form a rough tang and wound out using the insertion tool or pair of pliers

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41
Q

What is safetying with regard to fasteners

A

Safetying is the process of securing all aircraft bolts, nuts, screws and pins so they do not work loose due to vibration

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42
Q

What are the most common ways of safetying on aircraft

A
  • Wire locking
  • Cotter pins (split pins)
  • Lock washers
  • Locking plates
  • Snap rings
  • Self locking nuts
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43
Q

What are the two wirelocking methods used on aircraft

A

Single or double twist

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44
Q

What is the most common way of wire locking

A

Double twist

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45
Q

Where would single twist wire locking be used

A

On small screws, in a closely spaced closed geometrical pattern, on parts in electrical systems and in places that are extremely difficult to reach

46
Q

What does the number of twists when wire locking depend on

A

The gauge of the wire and the AMM

47
Q

What is the purpose of a pip pin

A

This is a simple and secure non threaded fastener allowing for rapid installation and removal of parts with out tooling

48
Q

What 4 principle parts does a cam lock consist of

A
  • Receptsble
  • Grommet
  • Retaining ring
  • Stud assembly
49
Q

Where would lightweight cam locks be used

A

Normally used on internal lightly loaded access panels

50
Q

What are the two types of dzues fasteners available

A

Light duty and heavy duty

51
Q

Where would light duty dzeus fasteners be used

A

Used on box covers, access hole covers and lightweight fairings

52
Q

What two types of airlock fastener are available and what are they similar to

A
  • Fixed type
  • Floating type

Similar to a camlock

53
Q

What are cotter pins made from

A

Low carbon steel, some others are made from CRES

54
Q

If a cotter pin has one short leg where is it measured from

A

The shorter leg

55
Q

What is a key

A

Name given to a specially shaped piece of metal that is used to transmit a drive at a considerable mechanical power from a shaft to a hub

56
Q

What is a taper key

A

The agreed engineering standard is for a taper of 1 part in 100 on the thickness, with the tapering surface of the key matching the recess (or keyway cut in to the bore of the hub)

57
Q

What is a hollow saddle key

A

This type is hollowed to fit the radius of the shaft. When driven in to position, its taper provides a friction drive between hub and shaft that is capable of transmitting a moderate load. There is no keyway cut in to the shaft and therefore hollow keys are not suitable for heavy loads

58
Q

What type of keyway is not suitable for heavy loads

A

Hollow keys

59
Q

What is a flat saddle key

A

This rectangular or square section key is driven in to a keyway in the hub and bears upon a flat on the shaft. It provides a more positive drive than that achieved by a hollow saddle key

60
Q

What is a hub headed key

A

This taper key is fitted in to key ways which are machined partly in the shaft and partly in the hub. An important feature of fitting keys in to these key ways is that the key ways must be perfectly aligned before fitting the key. With this in mind it may be necessary to salve the key when assembling the parts together.

Capable of transmitting much greater loads than saddle keys

61
Q

What is a feather key

A

This type of key is used when axial movement is required between the hub and the shaft. An example of the use of a feather key is when a gear in a pulley must slide along a shaft whilst continuing to transmit drive. The keyway in the hub is cut to allow the key minimum slide and top clearance needed to provide a sliding fit

62
Q

What is a woodruf key

A

This key is made in to the shape of a segment of a parallel sided disk similar to he capital letter D. It fits in to a shaped cavity in the shaft which conforms closely to the profile of the key and in to a uniform keyway in the hub to provide a push fit on the sides with clearance along the top flat face of the key.

63
Q

What is the advantage of the woodruff key

A

Suitable for fitting to parallel or tapered shafts

64
Q

Rivets made from 1100 US material are used in what condition

A

‘As fabricated’

They are used to attach aluminium alloy components where a low strength rivet is sufficient to hold the load

65
Q

What is done to US material 2017, 2117 and 7050 rivets

A

They are heat treated by the manufacturer, no further treatment is necessary.

They are used to attach aluminium alloy components where a medium strength is necessary

66
Q

When are rivets made of US material 2024 supplied in T4 condition used

A

When high strength is required

67
Q

What are Monel rivets

A

Monel rivets, with out heat treatment before use, are used in steel, titanium or aluminium alloy riveted assemblies

68
Q

What are the characteristics of titanium rivets

A

Titanium rivets are rivets with a cylindrical or a partly tapered shank. No heat treatment is necessary for this type of rivet

69
Q

What is a commonly used rule of thumb for selecting rivets

A

Choose a rivet whose diameter is at least 3 times the thickness of the thickest sheet being joined

70
Q

Where would 1100 Aluminium rivets be suitable for

A

As it is commercially pure aluminium they are not suitable for structural applications on aircraft (too soft).

Used for non structural use only

71
Q

Where would 2117 Aluminium alloy (AD) be suitable for

A

Sufficient strength for aircraft structure

Do not need to be heat treated

Driven from the bad in the condition received

AD = Small dimple on head!

72
Q

Where would 2017 Aluminium alloy (D) rivets be suitable to be used

A

D rivets = Raised dot in centre of head!

Do not shave shear rivets

73
Q

Where would 2024 Aluminium alloy (DD) rivets be suitable to be used

A

DD = Two raised dashes on the head

Made from heat treated Aluminium alloy

Placed in cold storage (-10) immediately after heat treating to prevent from being too hard to drive

High strength

74
Q

Where would 5056 Aluminium alloy (B) rivets be used

A

B rivets = Raised cross on head

Used for attaching magnesium as the contain around 5% magnesium

75
Q

Where would Corrosion resistant steel (F) rivets be used

A

Used for attaching corrosion resistant steel sheets

No marking on head

Used for applications such as exhaust shrouds

76
Q

Where would Monel (M) rivets be used

A

Nikel alloy

Two recessed dimples or raised r

Can replace cres rivets

77
Q

Where would titanium (T)rivets be used

A

Identified by a raised V or T

Used for attaching steel alloy to aluminium alloy

78
Q

When pin (threaded) fasteners are used to join structure with outer surfaces that are not parralel what conditions are applicable

A
  • Standard Aluminium collars are used in an out of parralel condition up to 3° is acceptable
  • When standard cres collars are used in an out of parallel condition up to 0.5° is acceptable
79
Q

What type of holes are pins for hi loks fitted

A

Interference holes

Unless made of steel, CRES or titanium then a clearance hole may be used

80
Q

What must be ensured before fitting hi loks

A
  • All pins and collars are correct type
  • Made of correct material
  • Surface protection intact
  • Correct grip length
81
Q

What is the difference between hi lock and hi lite

A

Hi hite 15% lighter

Slightly shorter (1 pitch run out instead of 2)

82
Q

When would taper locks be used

A

In areas of the structure where high fatigue performance is required

83
Q

What is the ratio between the taper lock and the hole it fits in to

A

1 in 48

84
Q

How can taper locks be installed

A

By hand or by the use of power tools

85
Q

What is a lock bolt

A

A lock bolt is a 2 piece assembly consisting of a pin and a collar which is swaged on to the locking groves on the pin shank to secure the pin when it is installed

86
Q

What material lock bolts are the only ones permitted for repairs

A

CRES or titanium

87
Q

What must be done temporarily before installing lock bolts

A

They must be secured with grip pins to ensure a tight fixture when fastened

88
Q

If a lock bolt cannot be used due to limitations, what can be used in its place

A

A hi lok is an acceptable alternative

89
Q

What are the 3 procedures of installing lock bolts

A
  • Interference or transition fit in any structure
  • Clearance fit in thin structure
  • Clearance fit in thick structure
90
Q

What are the 3 types of blind rivet used for repair work on aircraft

A
  • Standard cherrylock
  • Bulbed cherrylock
  • Oversize cherrylock
91
Q

What are the 3 parts that make up a blind rivet

A
  1. A tubular body with a head at one end
  2. A pin that goes through the body
  3. A lock cooler on the pin
92
Q

Nearly every rivet has a layer of lubrication on it.what must not be done to this layer of lubrication

A

Remove or replace it, it must be left as it came

93
Q

When you install a blind rivet a portion of the broken shank can protrude out of the top of the head. What can be done to rectify this

A

The excess sticking out can be milled

94
Q

Where are bulged cherrylock rivets used

A

Particularly in double dimple or high vibration areas. Also fitted in thin sheet materials

95
Q

When would oversize cherry locks be used

A

Designed to be used when a hole has been enlarged due to vibration and is not possible to go to the next diameter

Available in 1/64 oversize for each normal diameter size

96
Q

What are the two types of blind rivet that can be used on aircraft repairs

A
  • Cherrymax

- Oversize cherry max

97
Q

What must be done to tucker pop rivets if they are used on external fuselage

A

The heads must be sealed to prevent ingress of dirt

98
Q

What are the two different types of tucker of pop rivet

A 
Break head (BH)
Break stem (BS)
99
Q

What material are pop rivets usually made from

A

Aluminium alloy or cadmium plated Monel with dome heads or 100° and 120° countersunk heads

100
Q

What two types of avdels are available

A

Snap head and 100° and 120° countersunk

101
Q

What is used to check avdel plug security

A

A pin tester

102
Q

How are avdels installed

A

They are installed with a manually operated tool (avdel pliers) or by using an avdel riveter

103
Q

Why would MBC cherrys be used over avdels

A

Avdels require cropping and milling

104
Q

What are the characteristics of an MBC rivet

A
  • Simple and versatile
  • Lightweight and high strength
  • Available in Aluminium alloy and stainless steel
105
Q

What are Olympic lock rivets

A

A 3 piece mechanically locked, spindle type blind fastener.

106
Q

What must never be done to an Olympic lock fastener

A

Never file the stem of an Olympic lock fastener it will weaken the mechanical lock

107
Q

What 3 head styles are the Olympic lock fasteners available in

A
  • Universal (protruding)
  • 100° flush countersunk
  • 100°flush shear
108
Q

How can Olympic lock rivets be installed

A

As with Huck and cherry lock fasteners, although nearly identical in shape they can only be installed using their own tooling

109
Q

What is a rivnut

A

A combination of a rivet and a nut

Necessary to attach anything with a screw to thin sheet metal

110
Q

How is a rivnut fitted

A

A hole is drilled through the skin and the rivnut is slipped in to the hole and upset with a special puller so that it grips to the skin

When the installation tool is unscrewed, it leaves the threaded receptacle in the skin

M6 Mac (11 decks)

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