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CNM Nutrition 1 S2 > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Why does table sugar have a lower glycaemic index than glucose?

A

Table sugar is sucrose which is composed of half glucose and half fructose. Fructose only causes a small rise in blood sugar levels

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2
Q

State two cardiovascular conditions which in which supplemental CoQ10 if beneficial and how?

A

Angina pectoris - CoQ10 improves exercise tolerance and reduced ECG changes

Heart attack - reduced post-infarct heart damage

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3
Q

Two side effects of taking shiitake mushrooms?

A

Abdominal discomfort

Shiitake dermatitis

Photosensitivity

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4
Q

3 benefits of breastfeeding to mothers?

A

Delays return of ovulation thus lengthening birth intervals

Conserve iron stores by prolonging amenorrhoea

May protect against breast and ovarian cancer

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5
Q

Two ways breastfeeding offers immunological protection for babies?

A

Provides bifidus factors which act as prebiotics for beneficial bacteria

Iron binding protein lactoferrin bonds to iron preventing it from fuelling bacterial growth

Maternal antibodies in milk inactive pathogenic bacteria in babies gut

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6
Q

Why is early puberty in girls a concern?

A

Puberty before the age of 12 is strongly associated with breast cancer

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7
Q

3 factors which contribute to the development of sarcopenia?

A

Sedentary lifestyle

Decreased protein intake / increased simple carbohydrate intake

Insulin resistance

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8
Q

State 5 factors which could explain why cancer rates are lower in vegetarians?

A

More insulin sensitive

High levels of antioxidants

Less exposure to dietary carcinogens

Different bowel flora

Less exposure to oestrogens

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9
Q

Describe the concept of the TCM body clock?

A

Energy circulated in our bodies in a distinct patterns from organ to organ, this energy give the organ fuel to function.

Each organ takes an active role in the body at a given time.

If any disease of illness occurs the related organ can be treated as it’s specific time as given on the TCM.

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10
Q

Hormones associated with decreased food intake?

A 
Serotonin
Dopamine
Histamine 
Leptin
CCK
Insulin
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11
Q

What worrying effects were observed on wildlife during the use of DDT?

A

Atlantic salmon exposed as eggs experienced impaired balance and delayed appearance of normal behaviour patterns

Egg shell thinning in birds

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12
Q

Name 3 conditions which mean you should not take the OCP?

A 
Blood clots
Heart disease
Liver disease
Breast cancer
Cancer of the uterus
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13
Q

Long term use of cocaine can lead to what unpleasant side effects?

A 
Insomnia
Depression
Anxiety
Paranoia
Psychosis
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14
Q

Example treatment aims?

A

Normalise blood glucose homeostasis

Support hepatic function by increasing bile production

Support oestrogen metabolism

Eliminate dysbiosis and improve bowel motility

Reduce cortisol production to reduce effects of stress on the body

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15
Q

Examples of things to put in naturopathic summary?

A

Fatigue due to poor intake of macro and micro nutrients - minconutrient intake crucial for mitochondrial function

Poor blood glucose regulation causing energy dips - contributed to by irregular food intake and lack of protein combined with using caffeine and refined sugar as stimulants

Constipation is contributed to by lack of soluble fibre in diet and sedentary lifestyle

Indoors most of the time so may be deficient in vitamin d - reduced insulin sensitivity

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16
Q

Why is digestive and microbiological imbalance in FMM seen as important?

A

Our ability to take in goodness from the environment is dependant on our digestive and absorption capacity

Our microbial balance on our gut can affect both digestion and absorption and our elimination and immunity

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17
Q

Two risks associated with smithing and the female reproductive system?

A

Infertility and delay in conception

Premature delivery and increased complications

Cancer of the cervix

Early menopause

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18
Q

How is the growth rate of the nail used as a health evaluation tool?

A

Slower growth rate can indicate thyroid or other metabolic disorders

Time of events can be estimated from location of marks - ridges and white spots etc

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19
Q

What is a geographical tongue and what nutrient does it indicate the need for?

A

Cracks all over the tongue

Need for b2 and b complex

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20
Q

4 features of a yin person?

A

Quiet/withdrawn
Slow/lethargic
Dislikes cold
Stool light/loose

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21
Q

Very pale or clay coloured stools are indicative of what issue?

A

Insufficient production of bile

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22
Q

How many calories in 100g or fat and 50g of protein?

A

100 x 9

50 x 7

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23
Q

What 3 factors should be taken into account in regards to energy requirements during disease/trauma?

A

Energy expenditure can be altered by disease or injury

Physical activity in disease is impaired

Underfeeding or overfeeding critically ill patients can result in metabolic complications

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24
Q

Through what mechanism do low energy density foods usually stimulate feelings of satiety?

A

Stimulation of mechanoreceptors

Increased fibre/bulk

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25
Q

Describe the solubility of ALA?

A

Bob water and fat soluble

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26
Q

Two ways chondrites sulphate protects cartilage?

A

Decreases inflammatory action

Slow joint degradation - reducing degradative enzymes

27
Q

Chemically and physiologically DMG is very similar to which group of nutrients?

A

Water soluble vitamins

28
Q

Two therapeutic affects of shiitake mushrooms?

A

Anti-cancer

Cholesterol lowering

29
Q

Explain how antibiotic therapy could decrease the biological activity of soy properties in humans?

A

Colonic bacteria play an important role in the metabolism of soy isoflavones

30
Q

Although anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants in vitro, their real biological activity will be low, why?

A

Because of their low stability and poor absorption

31
Q

Which antioxidant phytonutrients would you not recommend to a smoker because of poorer health outcomes associated with supplementation of this nutrient?

A

Beta carotene

32
Q

Two nutrients in pomegranate known to influence its health benefits?

A

Vit c

Potassium

33
Q

What property of grapefruit is useful for asthma sufferers?

A

Antioxidant properties

34
Q

Calories in 40g or fat and 90g of protein?

A

40 x 9

90 x 4

35
Q

4 most likely nutrients neglected in the western diet during adolescence?

A

Calcium, vitamin e, vitamin a and zinc

36
Q

Discuss dietary factors linked to early maturation and puberty?

A

Girls who consume more animal products and fewer veg/fruit between 1 and 8 are prone to early puberty

Strongest predictor was a diet rich in animal protein before the age of 5

37
Q

How should supplemental amino acids be taken?

A

With carbohydrates or on an empty stomach

38
Q

Discuss the influence or iron on heart disease?

A

Too much iron can act as a provident increasing oxidation of LDL and damaging body tissues

39
Q

What are the two minerals most commonly bound to picolinic acid?

A

Zinc and chromium

40
Q

Are minerals better taken with or without food?

A

With food as they require sufficient stomach acid for digestion - taking them with food ensures stomach acid is present

41
Q

Deficiency of which 2 minerals is likely to increase the uptake or lead from the intestines?

A

Iron and calcium

42
Q

What are 2 advantages of having vit c supplement in an alkaline mineral chemical form? What do we call these forms?

A

Buffered forms

Reduce harshness on the stomach

Body can also utilise the mineral

43
Q

Pyridoxal 4 phosphate is the biological active form of which vitamin?

A

B6

44
Q

Explain why a vegetarian is likely to have lower intake of environmental contaminants?

A

They accumulate as we move up the food chain

45
Q

Describe 3 reasons vegetarian have a reduced risk of CVD including the mechanisms behind the reduction in the risk?

A

Lower total cholesterol - when oxidised LDL is dangerous to blood vessels

Lower hypertension rates - implicated in stroke and heart attach

Higher levels of antioxidants - reduced oxidative damage to protect vessels

46
Q

Describe how the GAPS and SCD are intended to work to upper good health?

A

Improving condition of the gut/digestive tracts

Supporting symbiotic relationship with gut flora to maximise absorption and minimise unfavourable products of Maldives toon

47
Q

Low iron status is common in children. State two reasons why this may occur?

A

Fussy eating

Excessive dairy intake

Prolonged breastfeeding

48
Q

2 actions which mean soy isoflavones help combat cancer?

A

Antioxidant

Prolong the menstrual cycle

49
Q

Which bacteria is responsible for most UTI’s and which can also be a cause?

A

E. coli

Helicobactor pylori

50
Q

What is a symptom or condition related to the renal tract which is linked to food intolerance?

A

Bed wetting

Non-bacterial cystitis

Chronic bladder infections

51
Q

Name of bacteria which can grow unchecked and cause colitis when there is frequent antibiotic use?

A

Clostridium difficile

52
Q

A nutrient that donates is methyl groups is likely to reduce CBD how?

A

By reducing homocysteine levels

53
Q

What property in red wine is thought to reduce risk of developing CVD?

A

Resveratrol

54
Q

Nail signs may provide clues and insights - list 4 things nail signs may indicate?

A

Nutritional status

Medical history

CV conditions

Occupations and hobbies

55
Q

Is flaxseed oil a good choice as a source for lignans?

A

Lignans are not associated with the oil fraction of foods so flaxseed oils do not provide lignans

56
Q

State 3 wats in which glucosamine can be produced?

A

Synthetically

Derived from marine exoskeletons

Synthesised by the human body

57
Q

2 blood types and give 2 examples of foods that should be favoured & 2 which should be avoided?

A

Type O - eat meat / seafood, avoid wheat / beans

Type A - eat fruits / veggies, avoid meat /wheat

58
Q

Describe 2 of the mechanisms of actions of tomatoes against disease?

A

Prostate cancer - increased serum lycopene associated with decreased risk

Skin cancer - tomato carotenoids protect against development or UV induced carcinoma (noise studies)

59
Q

Describe the differences in mechanisms of action between exogenous and endogenous alpha lipoid acid (ALA)?

A

Exo - antioxidant activity and can scavenge for free radicals both intra and extra cellulary. It can also turn proxidant

Endo - coenzyme that is involved in carbohydrate metabolism and the mitochondrial citric avid cycle which produces ATP

60
Q

Describe the personalised approach of the 4P approach?

A

Generic and environmental variations drive individual treatment

61
Q

Describe the predictive approach of the 4P approach?

A

Tailored health strategy based on personalised map of health risks with traditional and novel bio markers

62
Q

Describe the preventative approach of the 4P approach?

A

Proactive vs reactive approaches that shifts focus from illness to wellness and from disease treatment to functional enhancement

63
Q

Describe the participatory approach of the 4P approach?

A

Empowers and engages the patient

CNM Nutrition 1 S2 (10 decks)

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