Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

frequency of GI complaints in pediatrics

A

2nd MC after respiratory illnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

type of exam required with GI complaints

A

complete abdominal

  • visual inspection
    • distention, discoloration, veins, jaundice, scars, ostomies
  • auscultation
    • normal, hypo/hyper, absent, high pitched
  • palpation
    • organomegaly, retained feces, masses
  • rectal exam
    • masses, fissures, abscesses, fistulas, rectal tone, content
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

abnormal visual exam of abdomen

A
  • line of differentiation at ribs
  • abnormal venous pattern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

question to ask parent of child with frequent/persistent abdominal pain

A

Can you tell when the child is in pain,

or only if they tell you?

(child usually not functional if > 6/10 pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

causes of acute vs. gradual pain

A

acute - obstruction, rupture

gradual - inflammatory: appendicitis, inflammed bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

acute abdominal pain

labs

A
  • CBC
  • CRP
  • ESR
  • pregnancy
  • UA
  • AST/ALT/GGT, bilirubin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

acute abdominal pain

imaging

A
  • abdominal xray/series
  • CT
  • US
  • endoscopy
  • flouroscopy w/ contrast
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

non-surgical DDx of acute abdominal pain

A
  • viral illness
  • acute gastroenteritis
  • food intollerance
  • pneumonia
  • gastritis (food related or post-infectious)
  • constipation
  • UTI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

peak incidence ages of chronic abdominal pain

A

7-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

chronic abdominal pain

warning signs of underlying illness

A
  • vomiting
  • fever
  • growth failure/weight loss
  • blood in stool or emesis
  • abnormal labs
  • bilious emesis
  • pain wakens child from sleep
  • location other than periumbilicus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chronic abdominal pain

when to assess

A

anxious chid/parent, missed school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chronic abdominal pain

history to examine

A
  • family Hx GI
  • family Hx anxiety
  • diet - too much of one, not enough of another
  • lifestyle - sleep, meals, school, stressors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chronic abdominal pain

PE key check

A

sick vs. not sick

(determines urgency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

chronic abdominal pain

labs

A
  • CBC
  • ESR/CRP
  • ALT/AST, GGT, bilirubin
  • amylase/lipase
  • UA
  • address psych issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 common causes of chronic abdominal pain

A
  • functional abdominal pain
    • daily pain not assoc. w/ meals or BMs
    • anxious/perfectionist
    • “bounce back” after few min. of rest
    • no warning signs of serious illness
  • IBS
    • alternating diarrhea and constipation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tx of functional abdominal pain

A
  • r/o possible causes first
  • look at dietary intolerances
  • do not treat as sick - avoid meds d/t placebo effect and subsequent need for more meds
17
Q

these signs NOT okay in neonates

A

vomiting and diarrhea

(rarely typical cause, 24hrs gives significant dehydration)

18
Q

causes of vomiting in neonate

A
  • obstrutction - deadly
    • stomach, sm. bowel, malrotation, imperforate anus
  • metabolic disorder - deadly
  • feeding intolerance
  • ingestion of maternal blood
    • blood from mom’s nipples benign
    • NOT other
19
Q

causes of diarrhea in neonate

A

*newborns normally have liquid, explosive stools

  • protein allergy
    • watery stools soaking diaper
    • positive occult blood
  • overfeeding
  • malabsorption
20
Q

causes of vomiting in infant/child

A

gastrointestinal virus

(accute onset, associated fever)

21
Q

Sx of acute gastroenteritis

A
  • abrupt onset of severe vomiting
  • diarrhea follows quickly
  • diarrhea watery w/out blood or mucus
22
Q

Tx of acute gastroenteritis

A
  • time and rehydration
    • tablespoon fluid after 1hr without vomiting
  • low sugar/artificial sweetner fluids w/ electrolytes
  • oral anti-emetics (Ondansetron) if unremitting
23
Q

acute gastroenteritis

when observation is not enough

A
  • duration
    • vomiting 24+ hours
    • 10+ days diarrhea
    • fever > 48 hours
  • 5-10% weight loss or dehydration
  • significant abdominal pain
  • sick appearing
  • blood in emesis
  • blood or mucus in stool
24
Q

“sick” AGE tests

A
  • abdominal xray or US
    • for obstruction, mass, intussusception, volvulus
  • UA
    • infection, glucose, electrolytes, metabolic function, WBCs (abdominal inflammation)
  • Lytes, BUN, Creatinine, CBC, blood culture
  • stool culture - rapid assay for pathogens
25
Q

DDx for chronic vomiting

A
  • gastroesophageal reflux disease (90%)
  • food allergy
  • food intollerance
  • gastrointestinal obstruction
  • metabolic disease
26
Q

when to treat gastroesophageal reflux

A

“spitty” babies do not require tx

  • Tx if
    • poor weight gain d/t vomiting
    • aspiration
    • severly/chronically irritable
27
Q

Sandifer Syndrome

A

back arching d/t ongoing gastritis/esophagitis

28
Q

cause of food allergy response/vomiting

A

IgE mediated immunity

(treatment is avoiding allergen)

29
Q

MC food allergens in young vs. older

A
  • young
    • milk, egg, peanut, soy, whet
  • older
    • peanut, tree nut, fish, shellfish
30
Q

how to resond to food allergy reaction

A
  • Epipen
  • ED follow up for delayed reaction or anaphylaxis treatment
31
Q

GI tract infiltrated with eosinphils d/t food allergy

S/s, Tx

A

eosinophilic esophagitis

  • S/s
    • GERD, intermittent abdominal pain
  • Tx
    • food elimination
    • swallowed steroids
32
Q

blood tinged stools, occasionally vomiting

anemia if blood loss persistent

first 2-4 months of life

A

food protein induced colitis

Tx: remove offending protein

33
Q

food protein induced colitis

MC causes

A
  • milk or soy
  • rice, oats, poultry also implicated

eliminate from mom’s diet if breast fed

34
Q

definintion of diarrhea

A

3 or more watery/loose stools per day (not newborn)

(increase volume, number, or fluidity)

Pediatrics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions