Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

introduction to psychology > Chapter 2: The Biology Of Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Biology Of Behavior Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

Study the links between our biology and behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neural communication

A

For scientists, It is a happy fact of nature that the information systems of humans and other animals operate similarly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neurons

A

Are the building blocks of our neural information system (also called Nerve cell)
Consist in a cell body an sits branching fiber.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dendrites

A

Recife information/ messages from other cells and conduct it toward the cell body.

(Listens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Axon

A

Passes messages away from cell body to other neurons, muscle, or glands
(Speaks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myelin sheath

A

It’s a layer of fatuity tissue that insulates (covers) them and speeds their impulses.1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A Myelin is laid down at the age of

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is laid down at a age of 25

A

Neural efficiency, judgment, and self-control grows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glial cells

A

They provide nutrients and insulating myelin, guide neural connections, clean up after neurons send messages to another.
May also play a role in learning and thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Action potential

A

When a neuron fires an impulse (a brief electrical charge that travels down its axon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Threshold

A

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neurons fires action potential structure in order:

A

1) Dendrites
2) Axon
3) Axon’s terminal branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does our nervios system allow us to experience the difference between a slap and a tap on the back?

A

The STRONGER STIMULI the more cause neurons to fire and fire more frequently than happens with a WEAKER STIMULI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

British Psychologist Sir Charles Sherrington (1857-1952)

A

Called the meeting point between neurons: SYNAPSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Synapse

A

The junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
The tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap or synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messenger that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons.

When released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitter travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a neural impulse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens in the synaptic gap?

A

Neurons send neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) across this tiny space between one neuron’s terminal branch and the next neuron’s dendrite or cell body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acetylcholine

A

ACh.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endorphins

A

“Morphine within” a natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Enables muscle action, learning, and memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dopamine

A

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Serotonin

A

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Helps control alertness and arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)

A

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Glutamate

A

A major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Nervous system

A

The body’s speedy, electromechanical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The endorphins, serotonin, and dopamine are all chemical messengers called

A

Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

The brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Peripheral Nervous system (PNS)

A

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the Central Nervous System (CNS) to the rest of the body.

It’s responsible for gathering information and for transmitting CNS decisions to other body parts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Nerve

A

Bundled axons that form neural “cables” connecting the Central Nervous System with muscles, glands, and sense organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Carry messages from the body’s tissues and sensory receptors inward to the brain and spinal cord for processing.

32
Q

Motor neurons

A

Neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

33
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs

34
Q

Somatic and Autonomic

A

Peripheral Nervous System components

35
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

The division of the peripheral Nervous System that controls the body’s skeletal muscles. Also called the skeletal Nervous System.

36
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

The part of the peripheral Nervous System that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.

37
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

The division of the autonomic Nervous System that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations.

38
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

The division of the autonomic Nervous System that calms the body, conserving its energy.

39
Q

Reflex

A

A simple, automatic response to a sensory, such as the knee-jerk response.

40
Q

Endocrine System

A

The body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.

41
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues.

42
Q

Adrenal glands

A

A pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that helps arouse the body in time of stress.

43
Q

Pituitary gland

A

The endocrine system’s most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.

44
Q

Electroencefalograma (EEG)

A

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface. These waves are measured by electrodes places on the scalp

45
Q

PET (positron emission tomography)

A

A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task.

46
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

A technique that uses magnetic fields and ratio waves to produce computer- generated images of soft tissue. MRI scans shows brain anatomy.

47
Q

fMRI (functional MRI)

A

A technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans. fMRI scans show brain function.

48
Q

Reticular formation

A

A nerve network that travels through the brainstem and plays an important role controlling arousal.

49
Q

Thalamus

A

The brain’s sensory router, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the corte. And transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.

50
Q

Cerebellum

A

The “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem; functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, and enabling nonverbal learning and memory.

51
Q

ANS

A

Autonomic Nervous System

52
Q

Limbic System

A 
Neural System (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus)
Located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives.
53
Q

Amygdala

A

Two Lima-bean sized neural clusters in the limbic System; linked to emotion.

54
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A neural structure lying below (hypo) the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotions and reward.

55
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body’s ultimate control and information-processing center.

56
Q

Frontal Lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments.

57
Q

Parietal lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and toward the rear; received sensory input for touching and body position.

58
Q

Occipital Lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields.

59
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primally from the opposite ear.

60
Q

Limbic System

A

1) the amygdala: involved in aggression and fear
2) the hypothalamus: involved in bodily maintenance, pleasurable rewards, and control of the hormonal systems.
3) the hippocampus: processes memory.

61
Q

Motor Cortex

A

An area at the rear of frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

62
Q

Sensory cortex

A

Area at the front of the parietal Lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.

63
Q

Environment

A

Every non genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us.

64
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

65
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.

66
Q

ADN (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.

67
Q

Genes

A

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins.

68
Q

Identical twins

A

Twins who develop from a single (monozygotic) fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.

69
Q

Fraternal twins

A

Twins who develop from separate (dizygotic) fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than ordinary brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment.

70
Q

Interaction

A

The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity).

71
Q

Epigenetics

A

The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change.

72
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.

73
Q

Natural Selection

A

The principle that, among the range of inherentes trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on the succeeding generations.

74
Q

Mutation

A

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change.

75
Q

Behavior geneticist are most interested in exploring DIFFERENCES in our traits and behaviors,

A

And evolutionary psychologist are most interested in exploring COMMONALITIES.

introduction to psychology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions