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Anatomy > Chapter 51 > Flashcards

Chapter 51 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 primary nerves of the upper limb?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve

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2
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve is a continuation of the ____ ____ of the brachial plexus. Beginning after the lateral ROOT of the _____ ____ is given off.

A

lateral cord; median nerve

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3
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve pierces what muscle?

A

Coracobrachialis

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4
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve descends through the _____ compartment of the arm, coursing between ______ and _____.

A

anterior; biceps brachii and brachialis muscles

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5
Q

What muscles in the arm are innervated by musculocutaneous nerve? (3)

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis

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6
Q

The musculocutanous nerve emerges _____ to the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle and becomes the _____.

A

lateral; lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LAC)

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7
Q

What does the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LAC) supply?

A

skin of the lateral forearm

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8
Q

The median nerve originates from the _____ ____ and the ___ ____ of the median nerve.

A

lateral root; medial root

These roots arise from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus.

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9
Q

The median nerve descends through the ____ _____ of the arm, where is has NO muscular or cutaneous innervation.

A

medial compartment

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10
Q

The median nerve travels through the ____ ____ where it is found ____ to the brachial artery.

A

cubital fossa; medial

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11
Q

The median nerve gives off what branch within the cubital fossa?

A

anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)

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12
Q

As the median nerve enters the forearm it courses BETWEEN the two heads of origin of what muscle?

A

Pronator teres

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13
Q

In the proximal forearm the median nerve passes ____ to the ARCH of the flexor digitorum superficials muscle with the _____ ____.

A

deep; ulnar artery

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14
Q

The median nerve descends through the forearm between what 2 muscles?

A

flexor digitorum superficials and flexor digitorum profundus muscles

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15
Q

What 4 muscles of the forearm does the median nerve innervate?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis

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16
Q

PROXIMAL to the flexor retinaculum, the median nerve gives off a _____ ______ that courses ______ to the flexor retinaculum to cutaneously innervate the skin of the _____ palm.

A

palmar branch; anterior; lateral

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17
Q

What do the direct branches of the median nerve supply?

A

muscular innervation to lumbricals 1 and 2

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18
Q

What do the digital branches of the median nerve innervate?

A

cutaneous innervation to the lateral 3.5 digits anteriorly and their tips posteriorly

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19
Q

The recurrent branch of the median nerve courses proximally and supplies _____ thenar muscles

A

2.5

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20
Q

What nerve arises as a branch of the median nerve WITHIN the cubital fossa?

A

Anterior Interosseous Nerve (AIN)

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21
Q

The AIN courses distally along the _____ surface of the interosseous membrane.

A

anterior

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22
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the AIN in the forearm? (2.5)

A

flexor digitorum profundus (lateral half)
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus

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23
Q

The ulnar nerve is a continuation of the ____ ____ of the brachial plexus.

A

medial cord

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24
Q

The ulnar nerve descends through the _____ ______ of the arm, where it innervates _____ muscles.

A

medial compartment; 0

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25
Q

The ulnar nerve pierces the _____ ____ of the ____ _____ _____ as it passed from the medial to the _______ compartment of the forearm.

A

posterior lamina; medial intermuscular septum; posterior

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26
Q

Once in the posterior compartment the ulnar nerve courses _____ to the medial epicondyle.

A

posterior

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27
Q

The ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between the two heads of origin of the _____ ____ _____ muscle.

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

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28
Q

The ulnar nerve courses through the forearm between the ___ ___ ___ and ____ _____ _____ muscles.

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum profundus

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29
Q

What muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate in the forearm? (1.5)

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)

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30
Q

The ulnar nerve courses with the ___ artery in the ____ ____ of the forearm.

A

ulnar; distal half

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31
Q

In the distal forearm the ulnar nerve gives off a ____ branch that cutaneously innervates the ____ of the _____ 1.5 digits and hand.

A

dorsal branch; dorsum; medial

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32
Q

Proximal to the _____ _____, the ulnar nerve also gives off a ______ branch that courses anterior to the _____ _____ to cutaneously innervate the skin of ______.

A

flexor retinaculum, palmer branch, flexor teinaculum, the medial palm

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33
Q

In the wrist, the ulnar nerve enters the hand accompanied by the ____ ___ OUTSIDE THE carpal canal and through _____ ____.

A

ulnar artery; Gunyon’s canal

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34
Q

Lateral to the pisiform bone, the ulnar nerve divides into what 2 terminal branches?

A

superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

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35
Q

The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve courses ____ to the palmaris brevis muscle.

A

deep

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36
Q

How many muscles does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand?

A

1

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37
Q

Where does the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply cutaneous innervation?

A

medial 1.5 digits anteriorly

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38
Q

How many muscles OF THE HAND does the deep branch of the ulnar nerve supply?

A

14.5

39
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve courses between ______.

A

2 hypothenar muscles

40
Q

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve courses around the hook of the hamate to pass ____ across the palm, just anterior to the ___ muscles.

A

laterally; interossei

41
Q

The radial nerve is the continuation of the _____ ____ of the brachial plexus, beginning after the ____ ____ is given off.

A

posterior cord; axillary nerve

42
Q

The radial nerve courses from _____ to _____ in the radial groove of the humerus which is located in the _____ compartment of the arm.

A

medial to lateral; posterior

43
Q

What does the radial nerve course with?

A

the profunda bachii artery

44
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate in the ARM? (1)

A

triceps brachii

45
Q

The radial nerve pierces the ______ ______ septum as it passes from the ______ to the ____ compartment of the forearm.

A

lateral intermuscular; posterior; anterior

46
Q

The nerve passes through the _____ side of the ____ ____.

A

lateral; cubital fossa

47
Q

What are the muscles innervated by the radial nerve in the FOREARM (3)?

A

Brachioradialis
extensor capi radiali longus
anconeus

48
Q

Between the ____ and _____ muscles the radial nerve divides into 2 terminal branches.

A

bracialis; brachioradialis

49
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the radial nerve?

A

superficial branch of the radial nerve

deep branch of the radial nerve

50
Q

The superficial branch of the radial nerve courses distally with the _____ artery and deep the the _____ muscle.

A

radial; brachioradialis muscle

51
Q

In the wrist the superficial branch of the radial nerve enters the hand to provide cutaneous innervation to the ____ of the dorsum of the hand and the proximal portion of the lateral _____ posteriorly.

A

lateral half; 3.5 digits

52
Q

What is the muscular innervation of the superficial branch of the radial nerve?

A

NONE

53
Q

What does the deep branch of the radial artery innervate? (1)

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

54
Q

As the deep branch of the radial nerve enters the superior border of the supinator muscle it changes its name to what?

A

Posterior Interosseous nerve (PIN)

55
Q

What muscles does the posterior interosseous nerve innervate in the FOREARM? (8)

A 
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
supinator
aBductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
56
Q

The PIN DOES/DOES NOT enter the hand.

A

DOES NOT

57
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

58
Q

The right subclavian artery is a branch of _____.

A

the brachiocephalic trunk

59
Q

The left subclavian artery is a branch of _____.

A

the aortic arch

60
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery? (4)

A

Vertebral artery
Internal mammary artery (internal thoracic artery)
Thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk

61
Q

At the _____ border of the 1st rib, the subclavian artery terminates and becomes the ______ artery.

A

lateral; axillary

62
Q

The axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by what?

A

The pectorals minor muscle

63
Q

The 1st part of the axillary artery is between what?

A

The lateral border of the 1st rib and the superomedial border of the pectorals minor muscle

64
Q

The 2nd part of the axillary artery is POSTERIOR to what?

A

the pectorals minor muscle

65
Q

The 3rd part of the axillary artery is BETWEEN what?

A

the inferolateral border of the pectorals minor muscle and the inferior border of the trees major muscle.

66
Q

The axillary artery terminates at the _____ border of the teres major muscle by continuing as the ______ artery.

A

inferior; brachial artery

67
Q

How many branches does the axillary artery have?

A

6

68
Q

What is the branch of the 1st part of the axillary artery?

A

Highest (supreme) thoracic artery

69
Q

What are the 2 branches of the 2nd part of the axillary artery?

A

Thoracoacromial trunk (ABOVE the pectorals minor muscle) and the Lateral thoracic artery.

70
Q

What are the 4 branches of thoracoacromial trunk?

A

clavicular branch
pectoral branch
acrominal branch
deltoid branch

71
Q

The lateral thoracic artery courses along the ____ _____ of the pectorals minor muscle to the lateral thoracic wall with the ______ _____ nerve.

A

inferolateral border; long thoracic nerve

72
Q

What does the lateral thoracic artery supply?

A

the lateral thoracic wall and the breast

73
Q

What are the branches of the 3rd part of the axillary artery? (3)

A

subscapular artery
anterior circumflex humeral artery
posterior circumflex humeral artery

74
Q

The brachial artery is a continuation of the ______ artery distal to the _____ border of the trees major muscle.

A

axillary; inferior

75
Q

The brachial artery descends through the medial compartment of the arm with the _____ and _____ nerves.

A

median; ulnar

76
Q

What are the branches of the brachial artery in the ARM?

A

Profunda brachii artery
Superior ulnar collateral artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery

77
Q

Posterior to the humerus the profunda brachii artery courses with what?

A

the radial nerve

78
Q

What do the profunda brachii artery, superior ulnar collateral artery and the inferior ulnar collateral artery supply?

A

muscles in the arm and provide collateral circulation to the elbow region.

79
Q

After giving off its branches the brachial artery courses distally through the arm and enters the _____ ______ where it lies _____ to the median nerve and _____ to the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle.

A

cubital fossa; lateral; medial

80
Q

Within the cubital fossa what are the 2 terminal branches of the brachial artery?

A

radial artery and ulnar artery

81
Q

The radial artery courses distally in the forearm with the ____ _____ of the radial nerve, deep to the ______ muscle.

A

superficial branch; brachioradialis

82
Q

The radial artery passes through the _____ _____ and enters the _____ of the hand.

A

anatomical snuffbox; dorsum

83
Q

The radial artery terminates by forming what?

A

The deep palmar arch

84
Q

IF the deep palmar arch is completed MEDIALLY, what branch is it completed by?

A

a branch of the ulnar artery

85
Q

What does the deep palmar arch give off?

A

metacarpal arteries

86
Q

The metacarpal arteries of the deep palmar arch join the metacarpal arteries of the superficial palmar arch to form what?

A

Digital arteries on the medial and lateral sides of each digit.

87
Q

In the proximal forearm what does the ulnar artery give off?

A

The common interosseous artery

88
Q

After giving off the common interosseous artery, the ulnar artery courses _____ to the arch of the _____ ____ ____ muscle with the _____ nerve.

A

deep; flexor digitorum superficials; median

89
Q

In the distal half of the forearm, the ulnar artery courses with the _____ nerve, between the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus muscles

A

ulnar

90
Q

What forms when the ulnar artery terminates after going through Gunyon’s canal?

A

the superficial palmar arch

91
Q

The superficial palmar arch gives off what?

A

metacarpal arteries

92
Q

The common interosseous artery arises from the _____ artery in the _____ forearm.

A

ulnar; proximal

93
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the common interosseous artery?

A

anterior interosseous artery

posterior interosseous artery

Anatomy (13 decks)

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