Syntax Structures

Question 1

Syntax Structures

Answer 1

pattern of symbols that make up a code form

Question 2

Code form

Answer 2

the form of an

if-statement or a while-loop

Question 3

How to read these code forms

Answer 3

1. Anything in ALLCAPS is meant as a replacement spot or hole.
2. Seeing [ALLCAPS] means that part is optional.

Question 4

if-statement

Answer 4

basic logic branching control

if(TEST) {
CODE;
} else if(TEST) {
CODE;
} else {
CODE;
}

Question 5

switch-statement

Answer 5

like an if-statement but works on simple integer constants

switch (OPERAND) {
case CONSTANT:
CODE;
break;default:
CODE;
}

Question 6

while-loop

Answer 6

your most basic loop

while(TEST) {
CODE;
}

Question 7

while-continue-loop

Answer 7

while(TEST) {
if(OTHER_TEST) {
continue;
}
CODE;
}

Question 8

while-break-loop

Answer 8

use break to exit a loop

while(TEST) {
if(OTHER_TEST) {
break;
}
CODE;
}

Question 9

do-while-loop

Answer 9

an inverted version of a while-loop
runs the code
then tests to see if it should run again

do {
CODE;
} while(TEST);

Can have continue and break inside to control how it operates

Question 10

for-loop

Answer 10

controlled counted loop through a fixed number of iterations using a counter

for(INIT; TEST; POST) {
CODE;
}

Question 11

enum

Answer 11

enum { CONST1, CONST2, CONST3 } NAME;

Question 12

goto loop

Answer 12

A goto will jump to a label
Used for error detection and exiting

if(ERROR_TEST) {
goto fail;
}

fail:
CODE;

Question 13

Define a function

Answer 13

TYPE NAME(ARG1, ARG2, ..) {
CODE;
return VALUE;
} 

or

int name(arg1, arg2) {
CODE;
return 0;

Question 14

typedef

Answer 14

defines a new type

typedef DEFINITION IDENTIFIER;

or

typedef unsigned char byte;

Don’t let the spaces fool you; the DEFINITION is unsigned char and the IDENTIFIER is
byte in that example.

Question 15

struct

Answer 15

A struct is a packaging of many base data types into a single concept

struct NAME {
ELEMENTS;
} [VARIABLE_NAME];

The [VARIABLE_NAME] is optional

or

typedef struct [STRUCT_NAME] {
ELEMENTS;
} IDENTIFIER;

Question 16

union

Answer 16

union creates something like a struct, but the elements will overlap in memory

union NAME {
ELEMENTS;
} [VARIABLE_NAME];