Genetics And Hereditary Flashcards
DNA function
DNA is used to direct cell proceeses. Eg code for making protein, genetic traits both structural and functional
What is DNA composed of?
DNA is a double helix that is composed of nucleotides, and sugar group a phophate group and a base (which is one of 4 adenine, cytosine thyamine and guanine
Haploid
One set of chromosones 23
Diploid
2 sets of chromosones 46 paternal and maternal
What’s makes up geneome
44 (22 pairs) autosomes
2 (1 pair) sex chromosones
Karotype
A chromosne analaysis test that evauates number and structure of a person’s chromosones in order to detect abnormalities
Cromatin (beads on a string
DNA + proteins spread out loosly in the nucleus
Multiple allele
More than 2 types of alleles exist eg blood groups
Sex linked inheritance
Each x chromosne has 2500 genes however in men the y chromosones only has 78…. Genes for recessive xlinked disorders like colour blindness or haemophilia are located only on the x chromosone therefore males don’t have a matching genes on there y chromosone therefore the recessive x traits are not masked.
Polygenic
When more than one Gene determines the characteristic. Eg skin colour has 3 separately inherited genes and each has 2 types of alleles.