Biology

Question 1

musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

consists of the skeletal system (bones and joints) and the skeletal muscle system (voluntary or striated muscle). Working together, these two systems protect the internal organs, maintain posture, produce blood cells, store minerals and enable the body to move.

Question 2

skeletal system

Answer 2

consists of the bones and joints

Question 3

skeletal muscle system

Answer 3

voluntary or striated muscle

Question 4

skeleton

Answer 4

the bones or shell of an animal that support and protect it as well as allowing movement

Question 5

bones

Answer 5

the pieces of hard tissue that make up the skeleton of a vertebrate

Question 6

bone marrow

Answer 6

a substance inside bones in which blood cells are made

Question 7

cartilage

Answer 7

a waxy, whitish, flexible substance that lines or connects bone joints or, in some animals such as sharks, replaces bone as the supporting skeletal tissue. The ears and tips of noses of people are shaped by cartilage.

Question 8

calcium

Answer 8

an element occurring in limestone, chalk, also present in vertebrates and other animals as a component of bone, shell etc. It is necessary for nerve conduction, heartbeat, muscle contraction and many other physiological functions.

Question 9

phosphorus

Answer 9

a substance that plays an important role in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Together with calcium, it is required by the body to maintain healthy bones and teeth

Question 10

minerals

Answer 10

any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

Question 11

ossification

Answer 11

hardening of bones

Question 12

brittle

Answer 12

breaks easily into many pieces

Question 13

joint

Answer 13

region where two bones meet

Question 14

ligaments

Answer 14

band of tough tissue that connects the ends of bones or keeps an organ in place

Question 15

synovial fluid

Answer 15

the liquid inside the cavity surrounding a joint that helps bones to slide freely over each other

Question 16

pivot joint

Answer 16

joint that allows a twisting movement

Question 17

hinge joints

Answer 17

joints in which two bones are connected so that movement occurs in one plane only

Question 18

ball and socket joints

Answer 18

joints where the rounded end of one bone fits into the hollow end of another

Question 19

immovable joints

Answer 19

joints that allow no movement except when absorbing a hard blow

Question 20

muscles

Answer 20

tissue consisting of cells that can shorten

Question 21

involuntary muscles

Answer 21

muscles not under the control of the will; they contract slowly and rhythmically. These muscles are at work in the heart, intestines and lungs.

Question 22

voluntary muscles

Answer 22

muscle attached to bones; it moves the bones by contracting and is controlled by an animal’s thoughts

Question 23

excretion

Answer 23

removal of wastes from the body

Question 24

skin

Answer 24

external covering of an animal body

Question 25

Lungs

Answer 25

the organ for breathing air. Gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Question 26

liver

Answer 26

the largest gland in the body. The liver secretes bile for the digestion of fats, builds proteins from amino acids, breaks down many substances harmful to the body and has many other essential functions.

Question 27

kidneys

Answer 27

body organs that filter the blood, removing urea and other wastes

Question 28

nephrons

Answer 28

the filtration and excretory units of the kidney

Question 29

ureters

Answer 29

tubes from each kidney that carry urine to the bladder

Question 30

bladder

Answer 30

the sac that stores urine

Question 31

urine

Answer 31

yellowish liquid, produced in the kidneys. It is mostly water and contains waste products from the blood such as urea, ammonia and uric acid.

Question 32

urination

Answer 32

the passing of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 33

urethra

Answer 33

tube through which urine is emptied from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 34

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 34

a cup-like structure at one end of a nephron within the kidney, surrounding the glomerulus. It serves as a filter to remove wastes and excess water.

Question 35

glomerulus

Answer 35

a cluster of capillaries in the kidney that acts as a filter to remove wastes and excess water