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History > Cold War > Flashcards

Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 agreements at Yalta

A

Stalin to join war against Japan
Divide Germany into zones run by USSR USA UK and France
Hunt down and prosecute Nazi war criminals
Join United Nations Organisation
Eastern Europe a soviet sphere of influence

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2
Q

List 3 reasons for disagreement at Potsdam

A

Truman more anti communist than Roosevelt
Stalin controlled most of Eastern Europe
Truman thought Stalin wanted a soviet empire
Stalin demanded compensation from Germany

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3
Q

When was Yalta meeting

A

February 1945

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4
Q

When was Potsdam meeting

A

July 1945

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5
Q

What was main disagreement about from Yalta

A

Poland

Stalin wanted to move border

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6
Q

List 4 capitalist ideologies

A

Business and property owned by individuals
Inequality between rich and poor
Many political parties
Free speech

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7
Q

List 4 communist ideologies

A

Business and property owned and run by Government
Greater equality between rich and poor
One party state
Personal freedom limited

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8
Q

Why did USSR mistrust Britain

A

Policy of appeasement in 1930s

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9
Q

When did Truman tell Stalin about atom bomb

A

At Potsdam conference

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10
Q

When did USA drop first atom bomb on Japan

A

6 August 1945

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11
Q

Where was first atom bomb dropped?

A

Japan

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12
Q

Why were USA and USSR hostile with each other before the war?

A

USA deported thousands of suspected communists in 1920s

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13
Q

Name 5 countries loyal to Stalin in 1946

A 
Poland
Albania
Hungary
Romania
Bulgaria
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14
Q

Who invented phrase iron curtain?

A

Churchill

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15
Q

What is iron curtain?

A

Border between communist countries and Western Europe

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16
Q

When was Comniform set up?

A

1947

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17
Q

Why was Comniform set up?

A

To co-ordinate work of the different Communist parties

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18
Q

What was Truman Doctrine?

A

A policy of containment

Stopping any further spread of communism

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19
Q

Which country had a civil war between monarchists and communists?

A

Greece

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20
Q

Why was there a disagreement over Turkey?

A

Important for oil reserves

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21
Q

What was the Marshall plan?

A

$17billion aid to rebuild Europe

Tackling poverty to make communism harder to spread

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22
Q

What year was Marshall Aid granted

A

1948

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23
Q

What was Stalin’s version of Marshall aid called?

A

Comecon

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24
Q

What was Berlin airlift?

A

Allies flew supplies to Berlin

Instead of moving roadblocks which would be seen as an act of war

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25
Q

What were 2 German countries?

A

Federal Republic of Germany (West)

German Democratic Republic (East)

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26
Q

What was West Germany known as?

A

Federal Republic of Germany

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27
Q

What was East Germany known as?

A

German Democratic Republic

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28
Q

When did Korea divide into North and South?

A

1948

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29
Q

Who was leader of Communist party in 1949?

A

Mao Zedong

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30
Q

When was treaty of friendship with China signed?

A

1950

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31
Q

What countries signed a treaty of friendship in 1950?

A

China and USSR

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32
Q

Which Korea was communist?

North or South?

A

North

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33
Q

Which Korean country was supported by USA?

A

South

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34
Q

Which countries supported North Korea?

A

USSR

China

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35
Q

What happened to Korea in 1950?

A

North invaded South

South was taken over

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36
Q

When was Korean peace treaty signed

A

1953

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37
Q

Who led UN forces in Korea?

A

General MacArthur

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38
Q

When did Korean War start and end?

A

1948-1950

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39
Q

What was containment?

A

Stop spread of communism

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40
Q

What were the communist fighters called in Vietnam?

A

Vietnam Congress

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41
Q

When did Vietnam divide into North and South?

A

1954

42
Q

Which country ruled Vietnam 1945-1954?

A

France

43
Q

How did USA help France in Vietnam?

A

Provided financial aid

44
Q

Which countries supported North Vietnam?

A

USSR

China

45
Q

What year did China become communist?

A

1949

46
Q

When was NATO formed?

A

April 1949

47
Q

What does NATO stand for?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

48
Q

When was Warsaw Pact?

A

1955

49
Q

Who instigated Warsaw Pact?

A

Khrushchev

50
Q

What is Warsaw Pact?

A

Military bloc in Eastern Europe

51
Q

When did USSR have own atomic bomb?

A

1949

52
Q

What was an H bomb?

A

Hydrogen bomb

53
Q

When was H bomb made

A

1952

54
Q

Was H bomb more powerful than atom bomb?

A

Yes

1000 times more powerful

55
Q

Who announced US plans to make a satellite?

A

Eisenhower

56
Q

What was Sputnik?

A

USSR Satellite

Could orbit Earth from space

57
Q

When was Sputnik launched?

A

1957

58
Q

What was special about Sputnik 11 in 1957

A

Carried a dog

59
Q

When was NASA started?

A

1958

60
Q

Who was first man in space?

A

Yurt Gagarin

USSR

61
Q

When was first man sent into space ?

A

1961

62
Q

When was first US man in space?

A

1969

63
Q

What was ICBM?

A

Intercontinental ballistic missile

64
Q

When was first ICBM tested?

A

1957

65
Q

Where are Polaris missiles fired from?

A

Submarines

66
Q

When did Stalin die

A

1953

67
Q

How did Khrushchev operate a policy of deStalinisation?

A 
Peaceful coexistence 
Reduced USSR spending on military
Relaxed USSR’s control on Eastern Europe 
Released political prisoners
Closed down Comniform
Dismissed foreign minister Molotov
68
Q

Where and when was a statue of Stalin pulled down?

A

1956
Student protest
Budapest

69
Q

What did Hungary do to be neutral in Cold War?

A

Leave Warsaw Pact

70
Q

Which leader led the Hungarian uprising?

A

Imre Nagy

71
Q

What happened in Hungary?

A

Thousands killed
Nagy executed
200,000 Hungarians fled to Austria
Khrushchev sent extra troops to Hungary and made Hungarians pay

72
Q

Who took over from Nagy?

A

Kanarese

73
Q

List 3 reforms made by Nagy which were accepted by Khrushchev

A

Leave Warsaw Pact
Reintroduce private ownership of farms
Declare Hungary neutral in Cold War

74
Q

Which reform did Khrushchev object to?

A

Leaving Warsaw Pact

75
Q

What was a U-2?

A

Spy plane with very powerful cameras

76
Q

Why did USA use spy planes?

A

To gather intelligence (secret information)

77
Q

Why did USSR not shoot spy planes down?

A

Did not have technology

78
Q

What led to the U-2 crisis?

A

Capture of US a spy plane pilot
Gary Powers
Khrushchev pulled out of negotiations

79
Q

Who ruled East Germany?

A

Walter Ulbricht

80
Q

Who built Berlin Wall?

A

Khrushchev

81
Q

When was Berlin Wall built?

A

1961

82
Q

What happened if someone tried to cross Berlin Wall?

A

Shot by soldiers

83
Q

Where could you cross Berlin Wall?

A

Checkpoint Charlie

84
Q

Why did people from East Germany choose to cross into West Berlin?

A

To escape soviet control

85
Q

How did the building of the Berlin Wall nearly lead to a conflict between USA and USSR?

A

Soviet tanks blocked Checkpoint Charlie
Refused to let anyone cross
US tanks pulled up to border
Eventually retreated

86
Q

Where were standards of living better East or West?

A

West

87
Q

Where is Cuba?

A

160km off coast USA

88
Q

Who was Cuban leader?

A

Batista

89
Q

Who defeated Cuba

A

Fidel Castro

90
Q

What happened at the bay of pigs?

A 
Failed invasion
Faced 20,000  Cuban troops
Attempt to replace Castro 
Exiles captured or killed
Embarrassment for USA and Kennedy
91
Q

What was a naval blockade?

A

Stopping Soviet ships from bringing missiles to Cuba

92
Q

When did USSR send nuclear missiles to Cuba?

A

1962

93
Q

What was Prague Spring?

A

1968
Socialism with human face
USSR would not tolerate any attempts to reform communism in Warsaw Pact countries
Criticism of communism

94
Q

Who was in charge of Prague Spring?

A

Dubbcek

95
Q

What was Brezhnev Doctrine?

A

Clear rules for communist countries
One party system
Be members of Warsaw Pact

96
Q

What changes did Dubcek try to make to communism in Czechoslovakia ?

A

Not leave Warsaw Pact
Reduced censorship
Reduced secret police

97
Q

What is detente?

A

A reduction in tension

98
Q

When was nuclear nonproliferation treaty signed?

A

1968

99
Q

List reasons for detente

A

Huge cost of Vietnam war leading to rising inflation
Declining living standards in USSR
Worries over potential risk of nuclear war
New leaders Nixon and Brezhnev more willing to talk
Growing power of China
Conflict in Middle East

100
Q

What was SALT?

A

Strategic Arms Limitations Talks

101
Q

What was agreed at SALT talks?

A

Limits on numbers of nuclear weapons

102
Q

Why did both side want to reduce tension?

A

To prevent nuclear war

History (6 decks)

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