Lecture 9 Flashcards
What is the route of transmission for Cholera?
The Faecal Oral Route
What are the key virulence factors and their effects for cholera?
AB5 Toxin, which increases Chloride secretion and therefore induces diarrhoea
What are the possible treatment options for Cholera?
IV fluids or Oral Rehydration Salts can be used to treat dehydration
Antibiotics such as Doxycycline can be used in severe cases to kill the bacteria
Vaccines can be given to high risk individuals
What is the route of transmission for Cmpylobacteriosis?
Faecal Oral Route
What are the key virulence factors for Campylobacteriosis and what are their effects?
LPS, CLT CDT, can cause immuno cross reactions resutling in autoimmune reactions
Can weaken the immune system allowing for infection of another bacteria
What are the methods for idnetifying Campylobacteriosis
Gram negative, catalase positive microorgansim which can be detected through use of selective agars
What are the symptoms of Campylobacteriosis
Fever, Abdominal Cramps, Diarrohea which is occassionally bloody
What are the methods of prevention or treatment for campylobacteriosis?
Cooking food thoroughly and other good food hygiene practices
Can be treated with pain relief as well as fluid replacement therapies antibacterial drugs only used in very severe circumstances
What Diarrohoea causing pathogen produces endospores?
Clostridim Difficile
What is the route of transmission and key virulence factors for Clostridium Difficile?
The faecal oral route, and risk factors include long hospital stays particulary where good hygiene is not practised
What are the key Virulence Factors of Clostridium Difficile and its effects?
Toxin A,B
Breakdown of mucosal membrane in the colon resulting in inflammation and ulceration and fluid loss
What are the treatment options for Clostridium Difficile?
Discontinue Antiobiotics which are reducing competition for Clostridum difficile
Use an anti-Clostridium antibiotic
Fluid replacement therapies, Pain relief
What are the prevention strategies for both an intial Clostridium difficile infection and for a relapse?
Limit the use of predisposing antibodies, screen peple before symptoms occur to prevetn spread, use of thorough cleaning with endosporicidal agents
Use of sprocidal treatments can prevent a relapse as it will prevent the endospores from germinating
What is notable about the NAP1/B1 epidemic strand of Clostridium Difficle?
It produces increased rates of more severe disease
Resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics
Produces higher concentrations of toxins A and B
Higher rate of sporulation
