7.3: Neuropathology Flashcards
Prion disease can lead to which type of encephalopathies?
Spongy encephalopathy (neuronal death causing “holes” in the grey matter)
What pathological changes in the brain are seen in Alzheimer’s dementia?
Amyloid plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles
Cortical atrophy
What is a subfalcine herniation?
When the cingulate gyrus is pushed under the free edge of the falx cerebri due to RICP
Why artery can be compressed in a subfalcine herniation?
Anterior cerebral artery
What is the uncus of the brain?
The most medial part of the the temporal lobe
What happens in a tentorial herniation?
The uncus herniates through the tentorial notch
Which cranial nerve can be damaged in tentorial brain herniation?
CN III, oculomotor
What happens in a tonsillar brain herniation?
The cerebellar tonsils are pushed into the foremen magnum, compressing the brainstem
Why are tentorial brain herniations often fatal?
As the frequently lead to secondary Duret haemorrhages in the brainstem
Are astrocytomas of the brain usually benign or malignant?
Malignant
Are meningiomas of the brain usually benign or malignant?
Benign
Which types of stroke are more common: haemorrhagic or ischaemic?
Ischaemic
Lacunar strokes often affect which aspect of the brain?
Basal ganglia
A thunderclap headache is due to which type of stroke?
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Due to rupture of berry aneurysms
Herniation of the uncus of the temporal lobe can result in a palsy of which nerve?
Ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy
