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physical diagnosis i exam one copy > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

The skin is derived from what primary embryological layer?

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

What are the three primary layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

Which layer of the skin is avascular and superficial?

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

What are the cells in the epidermis that are an important component of the immunologic barrier of the skin?

A

Langerhans cells

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5
Q

What type of cells found in the epidermis provide protection from UV rays?

A

Melanocytes

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6
Q

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, etc.?

A

Dermis

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the subcutaneous tissue of the skin?

A

Insulation against the cold

Reserve food source

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8
Q

What is the term for a flat area of discolored skin less than a centimeter in diameter?

A

Macule

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9
Q

What is the term for a solid elevation of skin less than one centimeter in diameter?

A

Papule

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10
Q

What is the term for a small, fluid filled elevation of the skin?

A

Vesicle

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11
Q

What is the term for a small pus filled elevation of the skin?

A

Pustule

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12
Q

What is a dermatologic term used to describe patches, marks, spots, plaques, and nevi?

A

Macules

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13
Q

What is a dermatologic term used to describe warts, skin tags, and moles?

A

Papules

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14
Q

What is a dermatologic term used to describe blisters of herpes simplex, chicken pox, or herpes zoster?

A

Vesicles

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15
Q

What is the term for a larger version of a vesicle?

A

Bulla (bullae = plural)

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16
Q

Nodules and tumors are considered larger versions of what kind of skin eruption?

A

Papule

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17
Q

What is the term for an edematous swelling from something like a mosquito bite or hives that are technically not solid?

A

Wheal

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18
Q

What is a dermatologic term used to describe pimples?

A

Pustules

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19
Q

Abscesses, furuncles, and carbuncles are larger versions of what kind of skin eruption?

A

Pustule

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20
Q

What is the term for the flaky skin seen in cases of dandruff, seborrhea, and psoriasis?

A

Scales

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21
Q

What is the term used for dried serum, blood, or purulent exudates seen in cases like weeping eczema and other skin conditions?

A

Crust

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22
Q

What is the term for the rough, thickened epidermis with accentuated skin markings seen in cases of chronic dermatitis?

A

Lichenification

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23
Q

What is the term for fine, irregular, superficial capillary dilations seen in cases like rosacea?

A

Telangiectasis

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24
Q

What is excoriation?

A

Linear, crusted loss of the epidermis or dermis (example = abrasion or scratch)

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25
Q

What is erosion of the skin?

A

Loss of some epidermis (example = sun damaged skin)

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26
Q

What is the term for a linear crack extending into the dermis (example = athlete’s foot)?

A

Fissure

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27
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Skin concavity involving the epidermis and dermis (examples = bed sores)

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28
Q

What two common causes for a rash should be eliminated first before exploring other possibilities?

A

Contact and drug reactions

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29
Q

What are the most common allergens seen by practitioners leading to contact dermatitis?

A

Poison ivy and hand dermatitis from household or industrial irritants

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30
Q

If a patient presents with a more localized rash, what is most likely the cause?

A

Contact

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31
Q

If a patient presents with a more generalized rash, what is most likely the cause?

A

Drug reaction

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32
Q

What kind of skin eruptions are seen with an adverse drug reaction?

A

Itchy, red, maculopapular

33
Q

What is significant about the rash seen with secondary syphilis?

A

Generalized and nonitchy rash seen on the palms, soles, mouth or genitals

34
Q

What other symptoms can accompany the “great imitator” rash seen with secondary syphilis?

A

White mucous patches
Condyloma latum
Spotty alopecia of scalp

35
Q

What is the term for the primary syphilis lesion?

A

Chancre

36
Q

Why is it important to ask a patient suspected of having secondary syphilis if they have experienced previous sores?

A

The primary syphilis lesion (chancre) usually resolves by the time the secondary rash appears

37
Q

Skin eruptions occur during what stages of syphilis?

A

All!

38
Q

What percentage of people with syphilis have no serious manifestations?

A

75%

39
Q

What is unique about the primary chancre of syphilis?

A

PAINLESS ulceration that gradually disappears

40
Q

Where would we see swollen lymph nodes in a patient with primary syphilis?

A

Inguinal region

41
Q

What is the conventional treatment for primary syphilis?

A

Penicillin

42
Q

What is unique about the onset of tertiary syphilis?

A

May develop 20 years after onset of primary stage

43
Q

What are the skin presentations seen in tertiary syphilis?

A

Gummatous nodules and ulcerations

44
Q

What other organs and systems can be affected by tertiary syphilis?

A

CNS, cardiovascular system, bones, eyes, etc.

45
Q

What areas of the body receive the greatest sun exposure?

A

Ears, face, neck, and hands

46
Q

What is the ABCDE rule for skin cancer warning signs?

A 
ASYMMETRIC surface/unequal halves
BORDER is irregular, notched, scalloped, or indistinct
COLOR is black, speckled, or mixed
DIAMETER of a growth exceeds 6mm
EVOLVING
47
Q

What type of skin cancer develops a central crate that rods, crusts, and bleeds?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

48
Q

Where else can squamous cell carcinoma be seen besides the common locations of the lungs and skin?

A

Nose, larynx, cervix, bladder, and anus

49
Q

Where is malignant melanoma commonly seen in men? Women?

A

Men - Trunk

Women - Legs

50
Q

What type of skin cancer accounts for the most deaths?

A

Malignant melanoma

51
Q

What is a malignant, multifocal neoplasm of reticuloendothelial cells associated with AIDS, diabetes, and malignant lymphoma?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

52
Q

How early can the typical male balding pattern occur? Female?

A

Male - 2nd decade of life

Female - 6th decade of life

53
Q

Where does the typical male balding pattern occur?

A

Starts - frontotemporal and vertex areas

Ends - rim of hair remaining in posterolateral scalp

54
Q

What is alopecia areata?

A

Atypical patches of hair loss

55
Q

What is alopecia totalis?

A

Permanent loss of all hair on the scalp

56
Q

What is alopecia universalis?

A

Widespread loss of all body hair

57
Q

Which is more common: alopecia areata, totalis, or universalis?

A

Areata

58
Q

What is a lay term for tinea capitis?

A

Ringworm

59
Q

Why is tinea capitis seen less frequently after puberty?

A

Higher content of fungus inhibiting fatty acids in the skin oils

60
Q

What is the treatment for tinea capitis?

A

Topical fungicidal agents

61
Q

What condition is a superficial fungal infection of the scalp that presents with scaly, round, and sometimes pustule patches with broken off hairs that leave bald spots?

A

Tinea capitis

62
Q

Dandruff is a milder form of what condition?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

63
Q

What is the conventional treatment for seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Selenium sulfide shampoos (oral corticosteroids and antibiotics if necessary)

64
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Chronic, superficial, inflammatory skin process

65
Q

Where is seborrheic dermatitis commonly seen?

A

Scalp, eyebrows, face, ears, axilla, breast, groin, and gluteal folds

66
Q

What is the term for the greasy scales and yellowish crusts sometimes associated with chronic seborrheic dermatitis seen in infants?

A

Infantile cradle cap

67
Q

What condition represents excessive growth of the epidermal keratinocytes, inflamed cells, and increased angiogenesis?

A

Psoriasis

68
Q

What condition presents as silvery-white patches on red patches that are sometimes itchy?

A

Psoriasis

69
Q

What are the common locations for psoriasis?

A

Scalp, elbows, knees

70
Q

What is the treatment for psoriasis?

A

Topical and intralesional corticosteroids, UV light, tar solution baths, creams/shampoos

71
Q

What is the clinical term for head lice?

A

Pediculosis capitis

72
Q

In what population is pediculosis capitis most commonly seen?

A

Children or those with poor hygiene

73
Q

What is the main symptom, and what is the main sign of pediculosis capitis?

A

Symptom - intense itching

Sign - oval, whitish eggs attached to hairs

74
Q

What is the treatment for head lice?

A

Pediculocidal shampoos, creams, and lotions

Removal of eggs with fine-toothed comb

75
Q

What is the result of epidermal tissue that becomes invaginated into the dermis and becomes encapsulated?

A

Sebaceous cyst

76
Q

What is the appearance of a sebaceous cyst?

A

Subcutaneous nodule with inner, cream-colored pasty substance

77
Q

Where are sebaceous cysts most commonly seen?

A

Scalp, neck, ears, face

78
Q

What is the conventional treatment for sebaceous cysts?

A

Surgical excision

physical diagnosis i exam one copy (4 decks)

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